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文章以河南省渑池县作为个案,从日常生活史的角度重新认识大跃进时期的农村幼儿园,呈现国家如何参与乡村生活以及普通妇女、儿童在国家推行社会主义集体化过程中的体验。文章认为,农村幼儿园的创办反映了国家对妇女解放的重新论述。一方面,农村幼儿园承担了部分照看儿童的责任,有效减轻了妇女的抚幼负担,从而使母亲能够走上田间地头,成为社会主义劳动者,提高了政治、社会参与水平,丰富了其精神生活,从而促进了妇女解放;另一方面,幼儿园也意味着育儿任务的社会化,通过大力提倡社会主义新母亲的形象,不再将女性价值禁锢于家内,与此同时幼儿园教师成为令人尊重的职业,给农村女性开启了新的职业机会。对于儿童而言,农村幼儿园则突破了传统育儿模式,使他们能够参与集体生活,体验社会主义教育,留下了不同寻常的集体化记忆。
Taking Mianchi County in Henan Province as a case study, the paper re-cognizes the rural kindergartens during the Great Leap Forward from the point of view of daily life. It presents how the state participates in rural life as well as the experiences of ordinary women and children in the process of national social collectivization. The article holds that the founding of rural kindergartens reflects the state’s reexamination of women’s liberation. On the one hand, rural kindergartens take on some of the responsibilities of caring for children and effectively alleviate the burden on the young people so that their mothers can step into the fields, become socialist laborers, increase their political and social participation, and enrich their spiritual life , Thus promoting the liberation of women; on the other hand, kindergartens also mean the socialization of childcare tasks. By vigorously promoting the image of a new socialist mother, the value of women is no longer confined to the home, meanwhile kindergarten teachers are respected Career, opened up new career opportunities for rural women. For children, rural kindergartens break through the traditional parenting model, enabling them to participate in collective life and experience socialist education, leaving an unusual collective memory.