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目的了解噪声对作业工人血压的影响,为更好地加强管理、保护作业工人身心健康和积极预防相关疾病的发生提供参考依据。方法将南通市2015年参加职业健康检查的在岗期间的6 568名噪声接触者作为调查对象,以听力损失作为累计噪声暴露量的替代指标,比较不同年龄、性别和工龄的工人高血压的发病情况。结果接触噪声的作业工人的高血压患病率为21.1%。以听力损失为指标进行人口特征学分类后,有噪声所致的听力损失者的高血压患病率(27.1%)明显高于听力正常的工人(17.7%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=74.250,P<0.01)。对接噪的作业工人进行年龄分层后,进一步进行logistic回归分析发现,有噪声所致的听力损失者的高血压患病风险增高仅出现在≤45岁的年龄组(男性P<0.01,OR=1.294,95%CI为1.093~1.531;女性P<0.01,OR=2.524,95%CI为1.512~4.216),而在>45岁的年龄组未发现这种相关性。线性回归分析发现,仅在≤45岁的年龄组中,与听力正常者比,男性及女性工人中均出现听力损失者收缩压和舒张压升高。以接噪工龄作为指标进行人口特征学分类后,仅在≤45岁的年龄组中接噪工龄与高血压有关,随着接噪工龄的增加,男女工人的高血压患病率均明显增加。logistic回归分析发现,与接噪工龄≤1 a组比,工龄6~10和>10 a组的男女工人的高血压患病风险明显增加。线性回归分析发现,仅在≤45岁的年龄组中,与接噪工龄≤1 a组比,工龄6~10和>10 a组的男女工人的收缩压和舒张压均明显升高。结论≤45岁的年龄组作业工人中噪声致听力损失与高血压有关,需重点关注。
Objective To understand the influence of noise on blood pressure of working workers and provide reference for better management, protection of workers’ physical and mental health and prevention of related diseases. Methods Totally 6 568 noise contacts during the occupational health examination in Nantong in 2015 were investigated. Hearing loss was used as a surrogate indicator of accumulated noise exposure to compare the incidence of hypertension among workers of different ages, sex and seniority . Results The prevalence of hypertension among workers exposed to noise was 21.1%. After classifying the demographic characteristics with hearing loss as an index, the prevalence of hypertension (27.1%) was significantly higher than that of normal hearing workers (17.7%) with noise-induced hearing loss (χ ~ 2 = 74.250, P <0.01). After stratified by ages, the further logistic regression analysis showed that the increased risk of hypertension in those with noise-induced hearing loss only appeared in the age group of ≤45 years (male, P <0.01, OR = 1.294, 95% CI 1.093-1.531; women P <0.01, OR = 2.524, 95% CI 1.512-4.216), whereas no association was found in the> 45-year-old age group. The linear regression analysis found that systolic and diastolic blood pressure were elevated in both men and women workers at hearing loss when compared with those under the age of 45 years of age. Taking the length of service as an indicator of demographic characteristics, only the incidence of noise-related length of service was related to hypertension in the age group of ≤45 years old. The prevalence of hypertension was significantly increased in both male and female workers as the length of receiving noise increased. Logistic regression analysis showed that the male and female workers had a significantly increased risk of hypertension in the groups of 6 to 10 years and> 10 years of age, compared with those receiving noises ≤1 years. The linear regression analysis showed that the systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in men and women in the age group of ≤45 years than those in the age group of ≤1 year (range, 6-10 and> 10 years). Conclusion Noise-induced hearing loss in 45-year-old age group workers is related to hypertension, which needs attention.