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城市热岛是城市环境和全球变化研究的重要组成部分,利用气象观测资料研究城市热岛的影响一般采用城市和乡村气象站的同步实测气温,并计算其平均气温差,因此,城乡气象站点划分的准确性,将直接影响城市热岛研究的科学性。鉴于以行政单元统计人口为依据的划分方式未考虑人口在行政单元内的实际空间分布,本文以安徽省为例,利用从遥感影像上提取的土地利用信息,采用BP人工神经网络方法,建立站点缓冲区内土地利用类型比例的城乡站点划分模型,并利用空间化后的人口格网数据对该模型的精度进行了验证。结果表明,该模型有效地建立了气象站点周边缓冲区内的土地利用类型比例与城乡站点类型之间的定量关系,避免直接采用行政单元统计人口数据的不足,客观地模拟了缓冲区内土地利用对气象站点的综合作用,科学地划分出城市和乡村气象站点,为城市热岛研究提供科学、可靠的数据保障,并可用于大区域研究。另外,本文利用划分出的乡村站点建立背景温度场,得出2000年安徽省各城市站点平均热岛强度为0.4℃。
The urban heat island is an important part of the research on urban environment and global change. Using the meteorological observation data to study the influence of the urban heat island, the measured temperature of the urban and rural weather stations are generally measured and the average temperature difference is calculated. Therefore, Sexuality, will directly affect the scientific research of urban heat island. Considering that the division based on the administrative unit population does not consider the actual spatial distribution of population within the administrative unit, this paper takes Anhui Province as an example, uses the land use information extracted from the remote sensing images and adopts BP artificial neural network method to establish the site The model divides the urban and rural areas with the proportion of land use types in the buffer zone and verifies the precision of the model by using the spatialized population grid data. The results show that this model effectively establishes the quantitative relationship between the proportion of land use types and the types of urban and rural sites within the buffer zone around meteorological stations and avoids the direct use of statistical discrepancies between administrative units and demographic data to objectively simulate the land use within the buffer zone The integrated role of meteorological stations, scientific classification of urban and rural meteorological sites, urban heat island for the study to provide scientific and reliable data protection, and can be used for large regional studies. In addition, the paper establishes the background temperature field using the divided rural sites, and draws the conclusion that the average heat island intensity in all cities in Anhui Province in 2000 was 0.4 ℃.