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石油的开采造成土壤污染和地表扰动,从而影响土壤微生物群落结构与功能.为进一步明确不同开采强度对土壤微生物的影响,选取长庆油田不同开采年限的6口油井,按照不同距离(3 m、5 m、10 m、20 m和50 m)采取土壤样品,通过Biolog-ECO技术研究油田地区土壤微生物群落功能多样性特征.结果显示,油井作业区(3 m、5 m、10 m和20m)土壤微生物群落平均吸光值(AWCD)、丰富度指数和Pielou指数显著低于作业区外(50 m)土壤微生物群落功能多样性(P<0.05);不同距离采样点土壤微生物利用碳源方式存在差异;土壤微生物群落AWCD以及各功能多样性指数与土壤含水量和有机碳显著正相关(P<0.05),与pH显著负相关(P<0.01),但与总石油烃(TPH)相关性不显著(P>0.05).不同开采年限油井土壤TPH存在差异,但是土壤微生物群落无显著差异(P>0.05).研究表明油田作业区石油开采对土壤微生物群落功能多样性有一定的影响,但微生物群落功能与油井开采时间不相关,其结果可以为油田地区的污染评价和生物修复提供参考.
In order to further clarify the influence of different mining intensity on soil micro-organisms, six oil wells with different production ages in Changqing Oilfield were selected according to different distances (3 m, 5 m, 10 m, 20 m and 50 m) were selected to study the functional diversity of soil microbial community in the oilfields by using Biolog-ECO technique. The results show that in the well area (3 m, 5 m, 10 m and 20 m) The soil microbial community average absorbance (AWCD), soil richness index and Pielou index were significantly lower than those outside the working area (50 m) (P <0.05). There was a significant difference in the carbon source of soil microbes in different sampling sites ; Soil microbial community AWCD and functional diversity indices were significantly and positively correlated with soil moisture content and organic carbon (P <0.05), negatively correlated with pH (P <0.01), but not significantly with total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) (P> 0.05) .There was a difference in TPH in oil well with different mining years, but there was no significant difference in soil microbial community (P> 0.05) .The results showed that oil exploitation in the oil field affected the functional diversity of soil microbial community Given the impact, but not related to microbial community function well production time, the result can be a pollution assessment and biological oilfields repair reference.