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人类具有三种色觉基因。“蓝色”基因位于7号染色体上,而“红色”与“绿色”基因位于X染色体长臂末端-Xq28。相应的色素位于三种不同类型的视锥细胞中。这些色素具有特征性的最大吸收光谱:蓝色为短波,长420nm;绿色为中波,长530nm;红色为长波,长560nm。“绿色”与“红色”的设计是最简便的,因为这两种色素可把吸收光谱调节到包括整个可见光谱。与视紫质有关的一个基因位于3号染色体上,且只在视椎细胞中表达,产生无色暗视觉(495nm)。累及绿色和红色色素基因的X连锁色盲
Humans have three chromogenic genes. The “blue” gene is on chromosome 7, while the “red” and “green” genes are on the long arm of chromosome X, -Xq28. The corresponding pigment is located in three different types of cones. These pigments have the characteristic maximum absorption spectrum: blue for the short wave, length 420nm; green for the wave, length 530nm; red for the long wave, length 560nm. The design of “green” and “red” is the easiest because these two pigments adjust the absorption spectrum to include the entire visible spectrum. A gene associated with rhodopsin is located on chromosome 3 and is expressed only in the vertebral cells, producing colorless, dark vision (495 nm). X-linked color blindness involving green and red pigment genes