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目的了解烟台市农药中毒流行病学特点,为制定农药中毒预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统,将烟台市2009-2014年农药中毒报告卡数据导入Excel表格,并用Excel建立数据库,采用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计分析。结果 6年间,烟台市共报告农药中毒病例1 472例,其中生产性中毒123例(8.4%),病死率为5.7%;非生产性中毒1 349例(91.6%),病死率为17.2%。生产性中毒和非生产性中毒病例的发生时间和年龄分布的构成比不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。生产性中毒病例主要集中在第2、第3季度;非生产性中毒病例离散分布于4个季度。生产性中毒病例中45~54岁组居首位,非生产性中毒病例中≥65岁组居首位。7个年龄组的总体病死率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),经两两比较,≥55岁各年龄组的病死率明显高于<45岁各年龄组的病死率(P<0.05);性别分布和男女病死率以及各季度间病死率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);杀虫剂是引起农药中毒的主要类别,占63.7%,其中以有机磷杀虫剂为主。结论烟台市农药中毒以非生产性中毒为主,高毒农药仍占主导地位,中老年人的农药中毒应引起足够的重视。建议进一步加强农药的管理和保存,普及预防农药中毒知识,引导农民使用高效、低毒、低残留的农药,同时关注农民尤其是中老年人的心理卫生问题。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of pesticide poisoning in Yantai City and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control measures of pesticide poisoning. Methods The data of pesticide poisoning report card from 2009 to 2014 in Yantai City was imported into Excel form through China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and the database was established by Excel. The data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 software. Results A total of 1 472 cases of pesticide poisoning were reported in Yantai during the past 6 years, of which 123 (8.4%) were productive and 5.7% were fatal; 1 349 (91.6%) were unproductive and the case fatality rate was 17.2%. The proportions of occurrence time and age distribution of productive poisoning and non-productive poisoning cases were different, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The cases of productive poisoning mainly concentrated in the second and third quarters; the non-productive poisoning cases were scattered in four quarters. In the first 45-to-54-year-old cases of productive poisoning, the first group of non-productive poisoning cases was ≥65 years old. The overall mortality rate of 7 age groups was significantly different (P <0.05). After comparing with each other, the case fatality rates of all age groups of ≥55 years old were significantly higher than those of all ages <45 years old group (P <0.05) (P> 0.05). Pesticide was the main category causing pesticide poisoning, accounting for 63.7% of the total, among which organophosphate insecticide was the Lord. Conclusion The pesticide poisoning in Yantai City is dominated by non-productive poisoning. Highly toxic pesticide still dominates. The pesticide poisoning in middle-aged and elderly people should pay enough attention. It is suggested to further strengthen the management and preservation of pesticides, popularize the knowledge of prevention of pesticide poisoning, and guide peasants to use pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue while paying attention to the mental health problems of peasants, especially middle-aged and elderly people.