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目的调查居民家庭HEPA型空气净化器的基本情况、过滤膜细菌污染状况和空气细菌净化效果,为指导居民合理使用空气净化器提供依据。方法问卷法调查空气净化器的基本情况和使用习惯;拭子涂抹法采集过滤膜前后的细菌并进行检测,全自动微生物生化系统进行细菌鉴定;空气沉降法采集空气微生物并进行检测。结果本次研究共调查65台HEPA型空气净化器。过滤膜上的细菌鉴定出56种,17个属别。过滤膜前细菌总数中位数为8.8 CFU/cm2,膜后为0.4 CFU/cm2,差异有统计学意义(Z=-5.264,P<0.001),且两者呈正相关(r=0.357,P=0.004)。空气净化器开启前室内空气细菌总数中位数为5.5CFU/皿,开启后为3.0CFU/皿,差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.826,P<0.001)且两者呈正相关(r=0.590,P<0.001)。经偏相关分析,过滤膜前细菌总数与空气细菌总数正相关(r=0.501,P<0.001)。结论过滤膜上细菌种类繁多,膜前细菌污染情况严重于膜后;78.3%的空气净化器可以有效降低室内空气中的微生物数量,但二次污染问题不容忽视;过滤膜前表面细菌数量与空气细菌总数正相关。
Objective To investigate the basic situation of HEPA-type air purifier, the bacterial contamination status of filter membrane and the effect of air bacteria purification to provide basis for residents to use air purifier reasonably. Methods Questionnaire method was used to investigate the basic situation and usage habit of air purifier. Swab smear method was used to collect the bacteria before and after the filter membrane. The bacteria were identified by automatic microbial biochemical system. Airborne microorganisms were collected and tested by air sedimentation method. Results A total of 65 HEPA air purifiers were investigated in this study. The bacteria on the filter membrane identified 56 species and 17 genera. The median bacterial count was 8.8 CFU / cm2 before filtration and 0.4 CFU / cm2 after the membrane filtration. The difference was statistically significant (Z = -5.264, P <0.001), and there was a positive correlation between them (r = 0.357, P = 0.004). Before the air purifier was turned on, the total airborne bacteria in the indoor air was 5.5CFU / dish, 3.0CFU / dish after opening, the difference was statistically significant (Z = -3.826, P <0.001) , P <0.001). By partial correlation analysis, the total bacterial count before filtration was positively correlated with the total airborne bacteria (r = 0.501, P <0.001). Conclusion There are many kinds of bacteria on the filter membrane, and the bacterial contamination of the membrane before the membrane is serious. 78.3% air purifier can effectively reduce the number of microorganisms in the indoor air, but the secondary pollution can not be neglected. The number of bacteria on the front surface of the filter membrane and the air The total number of bacteria is positively correlated.