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细菌性痢疾是由痢疾杆菌引起的肠道传染病,简称菌痢,俗称痢疾。一年四季都有发生,但以夏秋季发病最多。痢疾杆菌的形状类似火柴棍,不能活动,在外界环境中不耐干热,当温度升高到60℃时,10分钟即可死亡,在阳光照射下30分钟死亡;在30℃的水中能够存活20天,在蔬菜、水果上和生活用具上能存活7～14天,在37℃的条件下能在食品上迅速繁殖。相反,这种细菌却十分耐寒,在冰冻条件下能存活3个月。由于痢疾杆菌在外界环境中能长时间存活,所以很容易引起流行。痢疾的传染途径是粪便、手、口,即痢疾病人排出的大便中存在着大量的痢疾杆菌,可以通过污染水源引起大流行,也可以通过苍蝇、蟑螂等污染食物,还可以通过病人用过的餐具、玩具、工具等传染给健康
Bacillary dysentery is caused by dysentery bacilli intestinal infectious diseases, referred to as bacillary dysentery, commonly known as dysentery. Occurred throughout the year, but the most incidence in summer and autumn. Shigella dysenteriae is similar in shape to a matchstick and can not move. It is intolerant of dry heat in the external environment. When the temperature rises to 60 ° C, it can die for 10 minutes and die for 30 minutes in the sunlight. It can survive in water at 30 ° C 20 days, in vegetables, fruits and living utensils can survive 7 to 14 days, at 37 ℃ under the conditions of the rapid breeding of food. On the contrary, this bacterium is very cold and can survive for 3 months under freezing conditions. Because dysentery bacilli in the external environment can survive for a long time, it is easy to cause the epidemic. Dysentery is transmitted through feces, hands and mouth, that is, there is a large amount of dysentery bacillus in the stool discharged from patients with diarrhea, which can cause a pandemic by polluting water sources, foul food by flies, cockroaches and the like, Tableware, toys, tools, etc. to the health