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目的了解示范村降氟除氟技术措施实施效果,为降氟除氟技术措施的推广应用提供科学依据。方法对6个示范村降氟除氟技术设施的质量抽查,检查8～12岁儿童氟斑牙、成人氟骨症病情、检测空气氟和尿氟,测试居民和儿童地氟病防治知识知晓情况。结果 6个示范村炉灶改造落实率为96.76%。炉改造合格率为97.00%,炉正确使用率为98.00%;灶改造合格率为97.70%、灶正确使用率为96.70%。儿童氟斑牙检出率为67.00%,缺损率为10.40%,氟斑牙指数为1.49;成人氟骨症无变化。居民与学生地氟病防治知识知晓率分别为86.40%、96.90%。空气氟旺火期0.005 9 mg/m3,封火期0.002 8 mg/m3。尿氟检测306份,中位数为0.69 mg/L。结论在课题实施3年后,示范村炉灶落实率、炉灶合格率、炉灶正确使用率显著提高,降氟除氟技术措施实施达到预期效果。
Objective To understand the implementation effect of the technical measures for fluoride reduction and fluoride removal in the demonstration villages and provide a scientific basis for the popularization and application of the fluorine reduction and fluoride removal technical measures. Methods The quality of facilities for fluoride removal and fluoride removal in 6 demonstration villages was checked by random sampling to check the dental fluorosis and fluorosis in children aged 8 ~ 12 years and the air fluoride and urinary fluoride. The knowledge of prevention and treatment of fluoride poisoning among residents and children was tested . Results The implementation rate of stove renovation in 6 demonstration villages was 96.76%. Furnace transformation rate of 97.00%, the correct utilization of the furnace was 98.00%; stove transformation rate of 97.70%, the correct utilization of the stove was 96.70%. Children’s dental fluorosis detection rate was 67.00%, the defect rate was 10.40%, dental fluorosis index was 1.49; there was no change in adult skeletal fluorosis. Residents and students knowledge of prevention and treatment of fluorosis were 86.40%, 96.90%. Air fluorine fire period 0.005 9 mg / m3, sealing fire 0.002 8 mg / m3. Urine fluoride test 306, the median was 0.69 mg / L. Conclusion After implementation of the project for 3 years, the implementation rate of stoves, the qualified rate of stoves and the correct utilization rate of stoves in model villages have been significantly increased. The technical measures of reducing fluorine and fluoride have reached the expected results.