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改革开放是近代爱国主义思想的一条主线刘宽民（一）近代中国的落伍，严格说起来是与清初开始实行闭关政策同步开始的。大清帝国以封建自然经济为基础，一向推行重农抑商、闭关自守政策。它妄自尊大，盲目排外，根本不了解外部世界，更不知欧美资本主义国家为何物，却死抱...
Reform and Opening up is the Main Line of Modern Patriotism Liu Kuanmin 1. The backwardness of modern China started strictly from the beginning of the Qing Dynasty with the implementation of the policy of retrenchment. Based on the feudal natural economy, the Qing Empire always practiced a policy of focusing on farming, restraining trade and keeping one’s arms closed and keeping one’s arms closed. It is arrogant, blindly excluded, does not understand the outside world, but I do not know what the European and American capitalist countries, but die.