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目的为顺利开展建设项目的职业病危害预评价工作,在相应类比法不能有效实现的情况下,通过风险评价的应用进行危害因素危害程度的分级,有利于客观的分析评价,以确定下一步的防治措施。方法依据有毒物质的理化性质、暴露方式、接触时间、接触频率、防护措施等资料评价有害化学物质暴露指数(ER),利用暴露因子估计危害级别(HR),通过公式risk=HR@ER计算风险级别,对无类比资料的危害因素进行评价。结果某项目生产过程中接触的硝酸、亚硝酸钠、马来酸酐、五硫化二磷、甲基一氯化物、二甲二硫、环己烷、间甲酚、柴油、碳酸钠、硫化钠、螟硫磷、马拉硫磷、倍硫磷没有国标或类比检测结果,使用风险评估法进行危害程度分级,可以得到有评判意义的客观分析结论。结论风险评价在职业病危害预评价中的应用可行、有效,有待多加应用和控制效果评价及现状评价的结果进行验证,逐步完善风险评价的数据库和分析体系。
The purpose is to carry out the pre-evaluation of occupational hazards in construction projects smoothly. If the corresponding analogy method can not be effectively implemented, the classification of the hazard degree of hazardous factors can be carried out through the application of risk assessment, which is in favor of objective analysis and evaluation so as to determine the next prevention and treatment Measures. Methods According to the physical and chemical properties of toxic substances, exposure methods, exposure time, exposure frequency and protective measures, the exposure index (ER) of harmful chemicals was estimated. The exposure factors were used to estimate the hazard level (HR) and the risk Level, to evaluate the hazards of non-analogous information. Results A nitric acid, sodium nitrite, maleic anhydride, phosphorus pentasulfide, methyl monochloride, dimethyl disulfide, cyclohexane, m-cresol, diesel oil, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfide, , Malathion and fenthion have no national standard or analogy test results, and the method of risk assessment can be used to classify the degree of harm so that an objective analysis conclusion with judgment significance can be obtained. Conclusion The application of risk assessment in the pre-evaluation of occupational hazards is feasible, effective and needs to be applied more and the results of the evaluation of control effects and present conditions are verified. The risk assessment database and analysis system are gradually perfected.