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20世纪40年代,世界著名的俄裔诗学家罗曼·雅可布逊一度把语言学、诗学研究靠向神经学、病理学等领域,使语言研究与无意识问题联系起来。儿童言语习得与成年人失语症研究领域,成为雅可布逊验证语言学理论的天然场所。同时,他还运用无意识问题的研究成果,对语言艺术文本的诗性功能进行阐述,解析患有精神疾病的文学艺术家们的语言艺术之奥秘,从而开辟了通往诗学研究的一条蹊径。本文首先以儿童言语习得与成年人失语症为切入点,探讨雅可布逊关于无意识问题的研究成就,并将其失语症研究与弗洛伊德的无意识理论及拉康的精神分析进行比较,最后着重论述失语症研究对于诗歌作品分析所赋予的启示。
In the 1940s, the world-renowned Russian poet Romain Jacobson once put linguistics and poetics in the fields of neurology and pathology, linking linguistic research with unconsciousness. Children’s speech acquisition and adult aphasia research areas, become Jacques Bourdon verification linguistics theory of natural places. At the same time, he also uses the research results of unconsciousness questions to elaborate the poetic function of language art texts and to analyze the mysteries of language arts of literary artists suffering from mental illness, thus opening up a new path to poetics research. In this paper, we begin with the study of children’s speech acquisition and adult aphasia, discuss Jacobson’s research achievements on unconsciousness, and compare his research on aphasia with Freud’s unconscious theory and Lacan’s psychoanalysis Finally, it focuses on the apocalypse given by the research on aphasia for the analysis of poetry.