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Objective: Invasion and metastasis are the most significant and intrinsic biological characteristics of cancers, also which are main factors of malignant tumor causing treatment failure and death. Recent studies have found that Fra-1 plays an important role on cell migration, invasion, and maintaining malignant phenotype of transformed cells. But there are few studies about the expression and location of Fra-1 in breast tissues and cells being reported This study just aims to discuss the expression and location of transcription factor Fra-1 in benign and malignant human breast tissues. Methods: The expression of Fra-1 was investigated by immunohistochemistry in neoplastic breast diseases ranging from benign fibroadenoma to very aggressive undifferentiated carcinoma. The correlations of Fra-1 expression with other indicators of breast carcinoma prognosis (ER, PR and ErbB2 receptors) were analyzed. Results: All neoplastic breast tissues, either benign or malignant breast tissues, were nuclear immunoreactive for Fra-1-recognizing antibody. In 85% of benign tumors (17/20), the immunoreactive for Fra-1-recognizing antibody as exclusively restricted to the nuclei. In three cases (3/20,15%), focal unequivocal cytoplas-mic staining was also exhibited. Strong positive nuclear staining for Fra-1 was easily seen in all types of breast carcinomas. However the nuclear/cytoplasmic concomitant immunoreactivity was observed in all types of breast carcinomas. A clear shift in Fra-1 immunoreactivity, from an exclusively nuclear to a simultaneous nuclear and cytoplasmic localization was noticed in 90.2% (37/41) of breast carcinomas. No inverse relationship between Fra-1 and ER and PR protein levels was noticed in malignant tumors. The relative expression level of Fra-1 was not correlated with the expression of ErbB2. Conclusion: The overall expression, pattern and intensity of Fra-1 proteins were correlated with breast oncogenesis. Overexpression of Fra-1, leading to a persistent high cytoplasmic accumulation, may play a role in the process of breast carcinogenesis.