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卵巢储备通常指女性产生健康配子的能力,处于静息状态的始基卵泡是卵巢中卵泡发育成熟并提供健康配子的源泉,因此,卵巢中始基卵泡的数目反映着卵巢储备的规模[1]。自胚胎期始基卵泡形成后,由于始基卵泡的激活、丢失、闭锁,卵巢中始基卵泡的数量不断减少,至绝经期则几乎耗竭,从而导致女性生育能力的丧失,卵巢功能缺失。因此,卵巢储备的生理变化直接决定女性卵巢功能,揭示其变化规律对于深入剖析卵巢衰老过程至关重要。因此,我们从始基卵泡的形成、退化及激活等方面,阐述卵巢储备的生理变化。
Ovarian reserve usually refers to the ability of women to produce healthy gametes. The resting primordial follicles are the source of healthy and mature follicles in the ovary and provide a source of healthy gametes. Therefore, the number of primordial follicles in the ovary reflects the size of ovarian reserve [1] . Since the primordial follicles are formed during the embryonic period, the number of primordial follicles in the ovary declines due to the activation, loss and atresia of the primordial follicles, almost depleting to the menopause, resulting in loss of fertility and ovarian function loss. Therefore, the physiological changes of ovarian reserve directly determine the ovarian function of women, revealing the variation of ovarian aging is essential for the process of in-depth analysis. Therefore, we describe the physiological changes of ovarian reserve from the formation, degeneration and activation of primordial follicles.