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目的：探讨未足月胎膜早破女性阴道微环境变化情况。方法选择116例未足月胎膜早破女性作为未足月胎膜早破组，正常妊娠结局女性116例作为对照组。观察两组孕妇阴道pH值、阴道乳酸杆菌、唾液酸酶以及阴道HD5、IgE和SIgA水平。结果孕28周时，未足月胎膜早破组阴道pH值、唾液酸酶检出率、和HD5、IgE、SIgA水平高于对照组，但两组差异均无统计学意义（t＝1．037，χ2＝1．052，t＝1．282、1．051、1.861，均P＞0．05）；孕36周时，未足月胎膜早破组阴道pH值[（4．13±0．22）]、唾液酸酶检出率（71．4％）、和HD5[（12．53±1．55）pg／mL]、IgE[（338．84±1．67）ng／mL]、SIgA[（53．44±1．57）μg／mL]水平高于对照组[（3．79±0．25）、13．8％、（8．77±3．17）pg／mL、（167．43±3．66）ng／mL、（37．59±1．85）μg／mL]，差异均有统计学意义（t＝12．331，χ2＝24．816，t＝5．258、9．469、7．357，均P＜0．05）。孕28周时，未足月胎膜早破组阴道乳酸杆菌检出率低于对照组，但两组差异均无统计学意义（χ2＝1．723，P＞0．05）；孕36周时，未足月胎膜早破组阴道乳酸杆菌检出率低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（χ2＝19．545，P＜0．05）。结论未足月胎膜早破孕妇阴道pH值升高，阴道乳酸杆菌检出率降低，阴道唾液酸酶检出率升高，阴道免疫因子HD5、IgE、SIgA水平升高。“,”Objective To study the vaginal microenvironment in pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of the membranes,and to explore the change of vaginal microenvironment in pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of the membranes.Methods 1 16 women with preterm premature rupture of the membranes were selected as preterm premature rupture of the membranes group,1 16 women with normal pregnancy outcomes were selected as control group.The vaginal pH value,vaginal lactobacilli,vaginal sialidase and HD5,IgE and SIgA levels were observed.Results At 28 weeks of pregnancy,the vaginal PH value,sialidase detection rate and HD5,IgE,SIgA levels of preterm premature rupture of the membranes group were higher than those of the control group,but there were no significant differences between the two groups(t=1.037,χ2 =1.052,t=1.282,1.051,1.861,all P>0.05).At pregnant 36 weeks,the vaginal pH value,sialidase detection rate and HD5,IgE,SIgA levels of preterm premature rupture of the membranes group[(4.13 ±0.22),71.4%,(12.53 ±1.55)pg/mL,(338.84 ±1.67)ng/mL, (53.44 ±1.57)μg/mL]were higher than those of the control group[(3.79 ±0.25),13.8%,(8.77 ±3.17)pg/mL, (167.43 ±3.66)ng/mL,(37.59 ±1.85)μg/mL],the differences were statistically significant(t=12.331,χ2 =24.816,t=5.258,9.469,7.357,all P0.05).At 36 weeks gestation,the vaginal lactobacilli detection rate of preterm prematurerupture of the membranes group was lower than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =19.545,P<0.05).Conclusion Preterm premature rupture of the membranes pregnant vaginal pH value increases,the detection rate of vaginal lactobacilli decreases,vaginal sialidase detection rate increases,vaginal immune factors HD5,IgE,SIgA level increases.