论文部分内容阅读
模拟辽河冷东—雷家地区的砂砾岩储层条件，采用该地区的正常原油，在３０℃恒温和充氧下以及有营养元素的水溶液中，进行了原油喜氧微生物降解实验。实验表明，经微生物降解后，原油的化学组成发生了较大变化，饱和烃含量下降，沥青质、非烃含量上升；水溶液的ｐＨ值下降，并在其中检测出了有机酸，可见在微生物的代谢过程中，原油中的烃类分子被部分转化为水溶性含氧酸性产物。降解实验的油样与取自同一地区的两个重质原油饱和烃气相色谱图比较，两者在组成上极其相近，其结果说明辽河油田的重油成因，是原油遭受了喜氧微生物的降解。实验对微生物降解过程的动力学进行了初步研究。微生物对饱和烃馏分中不同化合物的降解序列为：短链正构烷烃、长链正构烷烃、异构烷烃、环状烷烃。但当各组分间的浓度发生较大变化时，降解序列会有所不同
Simulating the glutenite reservoir conditions in Lengdong-Leijia area of Liaohe River, the aerobic degradation of crude oil was carried out using normal crude oil in the area under constant temperature and oxygenation at 30 ℃ and in nutrient solution. Experiments show that after the microbial degradation, the chemical composition of crude oil has undergone great changes, saturated hydrocarbons decreased, asphaltene, non-hydrocarbon content increased; aqueous solution pH decreased, and in which organic acids were detected, can be seen in the microbial During metabolism, hydrocarbon molecules in crude oil are partially converted to water-soluble, oxygenated acidic products. Compared with gas chromatogram of two heavy crude oil saturated hydrocarbons extracted from the same area, the two oil samples were very similar in composition. The results indicated that the heavy oil in Liaohe Oilfield was caused by the degrading of oxygen-like microorganisms. Experiments on the kinetics of microbial degradation process for a preliminary study. The degradation sequences of different compounds in the saturated hydrocarbon fraction by microorganisms are short-chain normal paraffins, long-chain normal paraffins, isoparaffins and cyclic alkanes. However, when the concentration of each component changes greatly, the degradation sequence will be different