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在我国医疗侵权诉讼中,证明责任的分配关系到案件的最终判决,因此恰当的分配医疗侵权诉讼中的原被告之间的举证责任,具有理论与实践的意义。目前我国现行的法律体系中,只有《侵权责任法》规定了三种由医疗机构举证的情形,其他情况下证明责任采用患者过错责任原则,即由患者来举证证明医疗机构存在过错。而在因果关系层面,采用完全的因果关系推定,实行举证责任的倒置,从而导致医疗机构面临更大的诉讼压力,患者的权益也无法得到更好的保护。因此,通过立法规定因果关系推定的例外情形,平衡医疗机构与患者之间的利益保护,是必要的。
In China’s medical tort litigation, the distribution of burden of proof is related to the final judgment of the case. Therefore, it is of theoretical and practical significance to properly allocate the burden of proof between the original defendants in medical tort litigation. At present, only the Tort Liability Law stipulates three kinds of cases in which the medical institutions provide evidence. In other cases, the burden of proof on the principle of fault liability of the patients is adopted, that is, the patients prove that there is a fault in the medical institutions. At the level of causation, the full causal relationship presumption is used to reverse the burden of proof. As a result, the medical institutions are facing more pressure on litigation and patients’ rights and interests can not be better protected. Therefore, it is necessary to legislate for the exception of presumption of causality and to balance the protection of interests between medical institutions and patients.