论文部分内容阅读
一、重点单词
1. inspect vt. 检查；视察；察看
例１ Nobody inspected my ticket before I got on the train. 我上火车前，没有人查看我的车票。
[派生] inspection n. 检查；检验 inspector n. 检验员；督查员
[辨析] inspect, examine与survey
三者都有检查之意。
examine为普通用语，后面接的宾语为成绩、记录、帐目、问题、提案、性情、行为、伤口、疾病、货物、车辆等，可指草率地看一看，也可指详尽地研究细节。
inspect为职务上用语，后面常接宾语为学校、工厂、军队、武器、输出产品、土木建筑等，指根据完美的标准或品质等对被检查的对象进行比较，以检查或视察该事物是否有差异缺陷。
survey意为“检查建筑物的状况，对其作出鉴定”或“调查一群人的行为、观点（通常以提问的方式）”。
例２All the factories and mines are inspected by government officials. 政府官员检查了所有的工厂和矿井。
例３The doctor examined her patient carefully. 那位女医生仔细诊察了她的病人。
例４Of the five hundred householders surveyed, 40% had dishwashers. 在接受调查的五百家住户中，40%有洗碗机。
[考题例析] The customs official ________ my passport suspiciously.
A. examined B. inspected
C. surveyed D. researched
解析选B。句意：那位海关官员颇为怀疑地检查了我的护照。该题强调职务性检查，以检查或视察该事物是否有差异缺陷，故选inspect，其它选项无此意义。
2. burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆炸；爆破
例５If you blow that balloon up any more, it will burst. 那气球再吹就要破了。
[拓展] burst in on sb. / sth.（因突然出现）阻碍某人或某物 burst into sth.突然……起来；闯入burst out doing sth.突然……起来 burst on / upon sb. / sth.突然而意外地出现在某人或某物面前。
[考题例析] How dare you ________ us without knocking at the door?
A. burst into B. burst out
C. burst upon D. burst in on
解析 选D。句意：你怎么胆敢不敲门就闯进来了？由于该句意中含有闯进室内阻碍某人之意，故应选burst in on sb.。注意：burst on / upon sb.仅表示突然出现在某人面前，无闯进之意。
3. concentrate v. 集中；全神贯注；聚集；浓缩
例６ I can’t concentrate with all that noise going on. 吵闹声不绝于耳，我无法集中精神（学习）。
[拓展] concentrate sth. on sth. / doing sth. 全神贯注；精神集中，专心致志于某物 concentrate on sth. 专心致志于某物 concentrate the / one’s mind使某人急切地、认真地考虑某事。
[考题例析] Having failed my French exams, I decided to ________ science subjects.
A. stick to B. insist on
C. concentrate on D. pay attention to
解析 选C。句意：在我法语考试失败以后，我决心专攻理科。stick to坚持（原则等）；insist on 坚持主张；pay attention to注意；concentrate on专心致志于某物。根据句意，应选答案C。
4. evaluate vt. 评价；估计
例７An expert will come to evaluate the old furniture in this house. 一个内行人将来估计这屋内的旧家具的价格。
[派生] evaluation n. 评价；估计
[辨析] evaluate与estimate
evaluate强调评定人或物的价值；
estimate指一个人根据其个人的知识、经验或个人的认识来估计某物的成本或数量等，并强调估计的结果可能是错误的。
例８She evaluates people by their clothes. 她从人们的衣服来评定他们。
例９ I estimated the room to be 15 feet long without measuring it. 我没量过，但我估计这房子长15英尺。
[考题例析]
The school has only been open for six months, so it’s hard to _______ its success.
A. weigh B. measure
C. evaluate D. estimate
解析 选C。句意：该学校仅开办六个月，所以现在很难估计它的成就。weigh重，称（重量）；measure测量（长度、高度等）；evaluate 在此强调评价其价值；estimate表示估计（成本、数量等）。
5. equip v. (equipped, equipped) 配备，装备
例 １０Nowadays every family tries to equip their children with a good education. 如今每个家庭都尽力使其子女受到良好教育。
[派生] equipment n. 设备， 装备
[拓展] equip sb./ sth. with sth.用……装备；equip sb. for…使某人有能力（胜任）……；sb. be equipped to do sth. 使某人有准备做某事。
[辨析] equip与furnish
furnish指供给生活所必须的或为某种用途，或为生活舒适所需要的东西或服务；
equip指装备工作所需要的东西，强调（智力、体力上）使有准备，装备等。
例１１This shop furnishes everything that is needed for camping. 这家商店提供野营一切所需。
例１２A good education should equip you for life. 良好的教育能让你受用终生。
[考题例析]
Somewhat better _______ academically（学术上）abroad, he returned to his motherland to continue his experiment.
A. provided B. equipped
C. furnished D. fixed
解析 选B。provide提供，供应；fix安装，固定；furnish（用家具）装备（居室）；equip（在智力、体力上）有准备。根据句意，应选equip。
6. accurate adj. 准确的；精确的
例 １３Your answers are far from being accurate. 你的答案太不准确了。
[派生] accurately adv. 准确地；精确地 accuracy n. 准确性；精确性 inaccurate adj. 不准确的
[辨析] accurate, correct与 exact
三者均表示正确无误的。
correct为一般用语，仅指正确而无误之意，着重区别对与错；
accurate强调通过谨慎努力使某些事物符合事实或范例的含义；
exact强调各细节均与事实或范例完全符合，一模一样。
例１４It was Ｔom who gave correct answers to the question. 就是汤姆提供了问题的正确答案。
例１５ Her father gave an accurate account of the accident. 她父亲对那次意外事件作了准确的描述。
例１６ His painting is an exact copy of the original. 他的画是原作一丝不苟的模仿品。
[考题例析]
You are not quite ________ when you call a computer an “electronic brain.”
A. exact B. accurate
C. definite D. correct
解析 选B。exact“一模一样的，正好的”；accurate“准确无误的”；definite旨在确定不确定；correct仅区别对与错。根据句意，应选accurate“你不是完全准确的”。
7. accomplish vt. 完成；实现
例 １７ He can accomplish more in a day than any other boy in his class. 他一天所完成的工作比他班级中任何其他孩子都多。
[派生] accomplishment n. 完成；实现；达到 accomplished adj. 完成的；实现的；熟练的；有成就的 accomplishable adj. 可实现的；可达到的。
[辨析] accomplish, complete, finish 与achieve
accomplish指“成功完成预期目标”，通常接task, journey, voyage等名词；
complete 指“按预期的目的把未完成的工作经过进一步的努力使之完成”，通常接建筑、工程、书籍等名词；
finish在多数情况下与complete换用，但不及complete正式，指完成应做的事，强调事情的了结、终止；
achieve指“完成计划、大业等”，多指完成伟大功业。
例１８It is the workers who will accomplish this task. 就是那些工人将来完成这项任务。
例１９By the end of last month another new teaching building had been completed in our school. 到上个月为止，我校又新建了一栋教学大楼。
例２０When do you finish your college course? 你何时修完你的大学课程？
例２１ He went back to London without having achieved any success. 他回到伦敦，一无所获。
[考题例析]
The project _______ by the end of 2006 will expand the city’s telephone network to cover 2,500,000 users.
A. being accomplished
B. to be accomplished
C. accomplished
D. having been accomplished
解析选B。句子的主语为the project，谓语部分为will expand…，故选项部分在句中用作定语，与所修饰的主语之间存在被动关系，因2006年为将来的时间状语，所以应用不定式的被动结构作后置定语。
8. claim vt. （依据权利）要求；认领；声称 n.（依据权利而提出的）要求；索赔；（对某事物的）权利；主张
例２２ If no one claims this lost watch, the person who found it can keep it. 如果无人认领这只丢失的手表，那么拾表人就可以把它拿走。
[拓展] lay claim to（根据权利）要求；主张；自以为 make a claim on向……提出索赔的要求 put in a claim for sth. 提出有权得到某物；认领某物 set up a claim to sth. 提出对某物的要求；表明对某物的主张。
[考题例析] They ________ to have discovered a cure for the disease, but this had not yet been proved.
A. explained B. claimed
C. announced D. declared
解析选B。解答该题的关键是要注意后一并列分句的含义“但这一点还未得到证实”。只有claim“声称”符合句意。选项A (解释)、C、D（宣告、宣布），常表示已被确认的事情，均不符句意。
９. transform vt. 改变；转变；改造
例２３ The coming of the railways in the 1830s transformed our society and economic life. 19世纪30年代铁路的建筑，使社会和经济生活发生了重大变化。
[派生] transformable adj.可改变外观的或性质的 transformation n. 改变；改观；转变。
[拓展] transform sb. / sth. into sth.把……改变成……；transform sb. / sth from sth. 从……中转变。
[考题例析] She used to be terribly shy, but a year abroad has completely ________ her.
A. transformed B. transferred
C. transported D. transmitted
解析 选A。句意：她过去十分腼腆，但在国外呆了一年以后完全改变了。transform改变，改造；transfer 转换；transport运输；transmit传送（消息等）。根据句意，应选transform。
1０. distinguish v. 区别；辨别
例２４ People who cannot distinguish between colors are said to be color-blind. 不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲。
[派生] distinguishable adj. 能看清的；能区别开来的 distinguished adj. （外表或举止上）有尊严的；高贵的；卓越的；杰出的。
bｅ distinguished by 以……为特征；be distinguished for以……而著名；distinguish between A and B (=distinguish A from B)区别A和B；distinguish oneself表现突出。
[考题例析] The twins are so alike that no one can ________ one from the other.
A. divide B. distinguish
C. compare D. judge
解析选B。句意：这对孪生儿长得很像，无人能分辨出谁是谁。divide分开，分隔；compare比较；judge判断；distinguish区别；辨别。根据句意，distinguish为正确答案。
1１. consideration n. 考虑；体贴
例２５Please give the matter your careful consideration. 此事请你仔细考虑。
[派生] consider v. 考虑；细想 considerate adj. 为他人着想的；考虑周到的 considering prep. conj.考虑到；就……而言。
[拓展] in consideration of sth. (= in return for sth.)作为对……回报；考虑到 take sth. into consideration考虑某事物 leave sth. out of consideration 忽略某事；不重视某事。
[考题例析] I always ________ fuel consumption into consideration when buying a car.
A. give B. make
C. take D. show
解析选C。句意：我买车时总要把燃油消耗量考虑在内。take sth. into consideration考虑某事物，为固定习语。
1２. blame vt. 责备；谴责； 归咎于n. 责怪；（过错、失败的）责任
例２６I don’t blame you, and I think your action was justified. 我不怪你，我认为你做得有道理。
[拓展] blame sb. for sth. / blame sth. on sb. 责备某人某事 be to blame for sth.（对某坏事）负责任。
[考题例析] Do you know which driver ________ for the accident?
A. will blame B. is to be blamed
C. to blame D. to be blamed
解析选C。句意：你知道这个事故是哪个司机负责吗？此处应选用不定式的主动结构,表示被动意义，用作句子的宾语，相当于宾语从句which driver is to blame。其它选项不符句子结构。
1３. react vi. 反应；反抗 vt. （指物质）起化学反应 n. 反应；回应
例２７ People can react badly to certain food additives. 有些人对某些食物添加剂产生严重反应。
[拓展] react ｔｏ sb. /sth. 对……作出回应（反应）react against sb. /sth. 反对，对抗某人（某事） react with sth.与……物质起化学反应 react on sth.(=have an effect on sth.)对某事有影响，使某物产生变化。
[考题例析] The football player reacted ________ the judge’s decision by drawing from the match.
A. on B. to
C. with D. against
解析 选D。根据句意可知，“那足球运动员反抗裁判的决定”，应选介词against。其它选项react ｔｏ sb. /sth. 对……作出回应（反应）；react with sth.与……物质起化学反应； react on sth.(=have an effect on sth.)对某事有影响，使某物产生变化，均不符句意。
二、重点短语
1. set down 写下；记下
例２８ Why don’t you set your ideas down on paper? 你怎么不把你的想法写在纸上呢？
[拓展] set apart使与众不同；使分开；留出 set about sth. (doing sth.)着手干某事 set back推迟；延缓；阻碍ｓｅｔ ｏｆｆ 动身(for sp.)；激起；引起 set out动身(for sp.)；开始干(to do sth.) set up建立；开业 set sail起航。
[考题例析] The new government must _______ finding solutions to the country’s economic problems.
A. set about B. set up
C. set out D. set down
解析选A。句意：新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。根据句意及句子结构，只有选项set about后接动名词，含有“着手干什么”之意，其它选项不符句意及其结构。
2. center (sth.) on / upon / round sb. /sth. 将某人或某物当作中心、主题或重点；集中于某人或某物。
例２９ The social life of the village centers round the local sports club. 村民们的社交活动都集中在当地的体育俱乐部。
[考题例析] Her research is centered _______ the social effects of unemployment.
A. upon B. for
C. in D. oｆ
解析 选A。 center (sth.) on / upon / round sb. /sth. 为固定短语，意为“将某人或某物当作中心、主题或重点；集中于某人或某物。”
3. run out of “用光；耗尽”，为及物动词短语，后接名词或代词作宾语，也可构成被动结构。
例３０They have run out of their supplies. 他们的供应品已耗尽了。
可转换成：Their supplies have been run out of.
注意：run out “用光；耗尽”，为不及物动词短语，其后不可直接跟名词或代词作宾语，也不可用于被动语态。
[考题例析]
---Have we _______ our food?
---Yes, _______. We’d better buy some.
A. run out of; we have run it out
B. run out; our food has been run out
C. run out of; our food has run out
D. run out; we have run out our food
解析 选C。第一空应选run out of 后接宾语；第二空run out为不及物动词短语，其后不可直接接宾语，也不可用于被动语态，故只有选项C符合句意及结构。
4. in the name of以……名义；代表
例３１ Animal experiments are carried on in the name of science. 一些动物实验是以科学的名义进行的。
[拓展] under the name of“用……别名”；by the name of“名叫……”（=called; named）；by name“名叫”；name sb. / sth. after…“以……名字命名”。
[考题例析]
The bridge was named _______ the hero who gave his life for the course of the people.
A. after B. by
C. in D. under
解析 选A。该句意为：这座桥是以一位为人民事业而献身的英雄的名义而命名的。name sb. /sth. after以……名字命名。其他选项不符句意。
5. apart from
（1）除……以外；撇开……来说
例３２ This article is well written, apart from some spelling mistakes. 除了一些拼写错误以外，这不失为一件好作品。
（2）此外（=besides; in addition to）
例３３ Apart from being too large, it just doesn’t suit me. 除了太大之外，它对我也不合适。
[考题例析]
_______ giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experience.
A. In addition B. Except
C. But D. Apart from
解析 选D。选项A如为in addition to 即为正确；选项B、C表示不包括在内之意，不符句意；只有选项D符合句意。
6. as a consequence of 作为……结果
例３４She was found guilty, and lost her job as a consequence of it. 她被判有罪，因而失去了工作。
[拓展] in consequence (of sth) = as a result (of sth.)由于某事物的缘故，因而；be of no consequence (to sb.)对……无关紧要；take / suffer / bear the consequences of one’s actions 承担行动的后果。
[考题例析] Time after time she was warned of the ________ of her actions.
A. results B. effects
C. importance D. consequences
解析 选D。句意：她多次受到警告她这样做的后果。effect效果，作用，影响；result结果；importance重要性，均不符句意。ｃonsequence在此作“结果，后果”解，常指不好的结果，为不可数名词。
7. break out （指激烈事件）突然发生、爆发
例３５Fire broke out during the night. 夜间突然发生了火灾。
[拓展] break down 失灵，失败，垮，瓦解，分解 break into强行进入某处，突然开始break off停止讲话；（使某物）折断，中断某事物break through突破，强行穿过break up解散，崩溃，打碎，强行驱散；分开某事物。
[考题例析] Police were called in to _______ the meeting.
A. break out B. break off
C. break down D. break up
解析 选D。句意：出动警察将会议驱散了。根据句意及选项动词短语词意，只有break up含有“驱散”之意义。其它短语无此含义。
8. feed…on…给（人或物）食物；喂养；饲养
例３６ What do you usually feed your dog on? 你通常用什么喂狗？
[拓展] feed on sth.（指动物，婴儿）吃，以……为食物 feed sth. to sb. /sth.给人或动物某物作为食物 feed A with B (= feed B into A) 给某物提供原料；将原料提供给某物。
[考题例析] The moving belt feeds the machine________ raw material.
A. to B. with C. on D. for
解析 选B。句意：传送带向机器输送原料。根据句意，应选介词with。该句也可以表达为：The moving belt feeds raw material into the machine。
9. in detail详细地
例３７She described the accident in detail that happened this morning. 她详细描述了今天上午发生的那场事故。
[拓展] go into detail(s)详细叙述 detail(v.) sth. to / for sb.向某人叙述某事 a detailed(adj.) description / account详细的描述（叙述）。
[考题例析] At the news conference, the representative of the local government explained ________ detail the policy concerning the development of the new special economic zone.
A. in B. with C. on D. to
解析选A。句意：在新闻发布会上，地方政府代表详细阐述了关于新经济特区的发展。in detail 详细地，为固定习语。
10. make sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通；是合情理的
例３８ What you say makes no sense. 你说的话没有道理。
[拓展]make sense of sth. 理解或弄懂困难的或无法理解的事物 in one’s senses 头脑健全，神志清醒 out of one’s senses 精神不正常，愚蠢 see sense 明白事理。
[考题例析]It doesn’t _________ to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
A. bring sense B. see sense
C. drive sense D. make sense
解析 选D。句意：这些便宜的大衣也很好，买那贵的不合情理。see sense 明白事理；drive sense改变某人的行为；bring sense短语结构错误。根据句意只有短语make sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通；是合情理的，符合题意。
1. inspect vt. 检查；视察；察看
例１ Nobody inspected my ticket before I got on the train. 我上火车前，没有人查看我的车票。
[派生] inspection n. 检查；检验 inspector n. 检验员；督查员
[辨析] inspect, examine与survey
三者都有检查之意。
examine为普通用语，后面接的宾语为成绩、记录、帐目、问题、提案、性情、行为、伤口、疾病、货物、车辆等，可指草率地看一看，也可指详尽地研究细节。
inspect为职务上用语，后面常接宾语为学校、工厂、军队、武器、输出产品、土木建筑等，指根据完美的标准或品质等对被检查的对象进行比较，以检查或视察该事物是否有差异缺陷。
survey意为“检查建筑物的状况，对其作出鉴定”或“调查一群人的行为、观点（通常以提问的方式）”。
例２All the factories and mines are inspected by government officials. 政府官员检查了所有的工厂和矿井。
例３The doctor examined her patient carefully. 那位女医生仔细诊察了她的病人。
例４Of the five hundred householders surveyed, 40% had dishwashers. 在接受调查的五百家住户中，40%有洗碗机。
[考题例析] The customs official ________ my passport suspiciously.
A. examined B. inspected
C. surveyed D. researched
解析选B。句意：那位海关官员颇为怀疑地检查了我的护照。该题强调职务性检查，以检查或视察该事物是否有差异缺陷，故选inspect，其它选项无此意义。
2. burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆炸；爆破
例５If you blow that balloon up any more, it will burst. 那气球再吹就要破了。
[拓展] burst in on sb. / sth.（因突然出现）阻碍某人或某物 burst into sth.突然……起来；闯入burst out doing sth.突然……起来 burst on / upon sb. / sth.突然而意外地出现在某人或某物面前。
[考题例析] How dare you ________ us without knocking at the door?
A. burst into B. burst out
C. burst upon D. burst in on
解析 选D。句意：你怎么胆敢不敲门就闯进来了？由于该句意中含有闯进室内阻碍某人之意，故应选burst in on sb.。注意：burst on / upon sb.仅表示突然出现在某人面前，无闯进之意。
3. concentrate v. 集中；全神贯注；聚集；浓缩
例６ I can’t concentrate with all that noise going on. 吵闹声不绝于耳，我无法集中精神（学习）。
[拓展] concentrate sth. on sth. / doing sth. 全神贯注；精神集中，专心致志于某物 concentrate on sth. 专心致志于某物 concentrate the / one’s mind使某人急切地、认真地考虑某事。
[考题例析] Having failed my French exams, I decided to ________ science subjects.
A. stick to B. insist on
C. concentrate on D. pay attention to
解析 选C。句意：在我法语考试失败以后，我决心专攻理科。stick to坚持（原则等）；insist on 坚持主张；pay attention to注意；concentrate on专心致志于某物。根据句意，应选答案C。
4. evaluate vt. 评价；估计
例７An expert will come to evaluate the old furniture in this house. 一个内行人将来估计这屋内的旧家具的价格。
[派生] evaluation n. 评价；估计
[辨析] evaluate与estimate
evaluate强调评定人或物的价值；
estimate指一个人根据其个人的知识、经验或个人的认识来估计某物的成本或数量等，并强调估计的结果可能是错误的。
例８She evaluates people by their clothes. 她从人们的衣服来评定他们。
例９ I estimated the room to be 15 feet long without measuring it. 我没量过，但我估计这房子长15英尺。
[考题例析]
The school has only been open for six months, so it’s hard to _______ its success.
A. weigh B. measure
C. evaluate D. estimate
解析 选C。句意：该学校仅开办六个月，所以现在很难估计它的成就。weigh重，称（重量）；measure测量（长度、高度等）；evaluate 在此强调评价其价值；estimate表示估计（成本、数量等）。
5. equip v. (equipped, equipped) 配备，装备
例 １０Nowadays every family tries to equip their children with a good education. 如今每个家庭都尽力使其子女受到良好教育。
[派生] equipment n. 设备， 装备
[拓展] equip sb./ sth. with sth.用……装备；equip sb. for…使某人有能力（胜任）……；sb. be equipped to do sth. 使某人有准备做某事。
[辨析] equip与furnish
furnish指供给生活所必须的或为某种用途，或为生活舒适所需要的东西或服务；
equip指装备工作所需要的东西，强调（智力、体力上）使有准备，装备等。
例１１This shop furnishes everything that is needed for camping. 这家商店提供野营一切所需。
例１２A good education should equip you for life. 良好的教育能让你受用终生。
[考题例析]
Somewhat better _______ academically（学术上）abroad, he returned to his motherland to continue his experiment.
A. provided B. equipped
C. furnished D. fixed
解析 选B。provide提供，供应；fix安装，固定；furnish（用家具）装备（居室）；equip（在智力、体力上）有准备。根据句意，应选equip。
6. accurate adj. 准确的；精确的
例 １３Your answers are far from being accurate. 你的答案太不准确了。
[派生] accurately adv. 准确地；精确地 accuracy n. 准确性；精确性 inaccurate adj. 不准确的
[辨析] accurate, correct与 exact
三者均表示正确无误的。
correct为一般用语，仅指正确而无误之意，着重区别对与错；
accurate强调通过谨慎努力使某些事物符合事实或范例的含义；
exact强调各细节均与事实或范例完全符合，一模一样。
例１４It was Ｔom who gave correct answers to the question. 就是汤姆提供了问题的正确答案。
例１５ Her father gave an accurate account of the accident. 她父亲对那次意外事件作了准确的描述。
例１６ His painting is an exact copy of the original. 他的画是原作一丝不苟的模仿品。
[考题例析]
You are not quite ________ when you call a computer an “electronic brain.”
A. exact B. accurate
C. definite D. correct
解析 选B。exact“一模一样的，正好的”；accurate“准确无误的”；definite旨在确定不确定；correct仅区别对与错。根据句意，应选accurate“你不是完全准确的”。
7. accomplish vt. 完成；实现
例 １７ He can accomplish more in a day than any other boy in his class. 他一天所完成的工作比他班级中任何其他孩子都多。
[派生] accomplishment n. 完成；实现；达到 accomplished adj. 完成的；实现的；熟练的；有成就的 accomplishable adj. 可实现的；可达到的。
[辨析] accomplish, complete, finish 与achieve
accomplish指“成功完成预期目标”，通常接task, journey, voyage等名词；
complete 指“按预期的目的把未完成的工作经过进一步的努力使之完成”，通常接建筑、工程、书籍等名词；
finish在多数情况下与complete换用，但不及complete正式，指完成应做的事，强调事情的了结、终止；
achieve指“完成计划、大业等”，多指完成伟大功业。
例１８It is the workers who will accomplish this task. 就是那些工人将来完成这项任务。
例１９By the end of last month another new teaching building had been completed in our school. 到上个月为止，我校又新建了一栋教学大楼。
例２０When do you finish your college course? 你何时修完你的大学课程？
例２１ He went back to London without having achieved any success. 他回到伦敦，一无所获。
[考题例析]
The project _______ by the end of 2006 will expand the city’s telephone network to cover 2,500,000 users.
A. being accomplished
B. to be accomplished
C. accomplished
D. having been accomplished
解析选B。句子的主语为the project，谓语部分为will expand…，故选项部分在句中用作定语，与所修饰的主语之间存在被动关系，因2006年为将来的时间状语，所以应用不定式的被动结构作后置定语。
8. claim vt. （依据权利）要求；认领；声称 n.（依据权利而提出的）要求；索赔；（对某事物的）权利；主张
例２２ If no one claims this lost watch, the person who found it can keep it. 如果无人认领这只丢失的手表，那么拾表人就可以把它拿走。
[拓展] lay claim to（根据权利）要求；主张；自以为 make a claim on向……提出索赔的要求 put in a claim for sth. 提出有权得到某物；认领某物 set up a claim to sth. 提出对某物的要求；表明对某物的主张。
[考题例析] They ________ to have discovered a cure for the disease, but this had not yet been proved.
A. explained B. claimed
C. announced D. declared
解析选B。解答该题的关键是要注意后一并列分句的含义“但这一点还未得到证实”。只有claim“声称”符合句意。选项A (解释)、C、D（宣告、宣布），常表示已被确认的事情，均不符句意。
９. transform vt. 改变；转变；改造
例２３ The coming of the railways in the 1830s transformed our society and economic life. 19世纪30年代铁路的建筑，使社会和经济生活发生了重大变化。
[派生] transformable adj.可改变外观的或性质的 transformation n. 改变；改观；转变。
[拓展] transform sb. / sth. into sth.把……改变成……；transform sb. / sth from sth. 从……中转变。
[考题例析] She used to be terribly shy, but a year abroad has completely ________ her.
A. transformed B. transferred
C. transported D. transmitted
解析 选A。句意：她过去十分腼腆，但在国外呆了一年以后完全改变了。transform改变，改造；transfer 转换；transport运输；transmit传送（消息等）。根据句意，应选transform。
1０. distinguish v. 区别；辨别
例２４ People who cannot distinguish between colors are said to be color-blind. 不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲。
[派生] distinguishable adj. 能看清的；能区别开来的 distinguished adj. （外表或举止上）有尊严的；高贵的；卓越的；杰出的。
bｅ distinguished by 以……为特征；be distinguished for以……而著名；distinguish between A and B (=distinguish A from B)区别A和B；distinguish oneself表现突出。
[考题例析] The twins are so alike that no one can ________ one from the other.
A. divide B. distinguish
C. compare D. judge
解析选B。句意：这对孪生儿长得很像，无人能分辨出谁是谁。divide分开，分隔；compare比较；judge判断；distinguish区别；辨别。根据句意，distinguish为正确答案。
1１. consideration n. 考虑；体贴
例２５Please give the matter your careful consideration. 此事请你仔细考虑。
[派生] consider v. 考虑；细想 considerate adj. 为他人着想的；考虑周到的 considering prep. conj.考虑到；就……而言。
[拓展] in consideration of sth. (= in return for sth.)作为对……回报；考虑到 take sth. into consideration考虑某事物 leave sth. out of consideration 忽略某事；不重视某事。
[考题例析] I always ________ fuel consumption into consideration when buying a car.
A. give B. make
C. take D. show
解析选C。句意：我买车时总要把燃油消耗量考虑在内。take sth. into consideration考虑某事物，为固定习语。
1２. blame vt. 责备；谴责； 归咎于n. 责怪；（过错、失败的）责任
例２６I don’t blame you, and I think your action was justified. 我不怪你，我认为你做得有道理。
[拓展] blame sb. for sth. / blame sth. on sb. 责备某人某事 be to blame for sth.（对某坏事）负责任。
[考题例析] Do you know which driver ________ for the accident?
A. will blame B. is to be blamed
C. to blame D. to be blamed
解析选C。句意：你知道这个事故是哪个司机负责吗？此处应选用不定式的主动结构,表示被动意义，用作句子的宾语，相当于宾语从句which driver is to blame。其它选项不符句子结构。
1３. react vi. 反应；反抗 vt. （指物质）起化学反应 n. 反应；回应
例２７ People can react badly to certain food additives. 有些人对某些食物添加剂产生严重反应。
[拓展] react ｔｏ sb. /sth. 对……作出回应（反应）react against sb. /sth. 反对，对抗某人（某事） react with sth.与……物质起化学反应 react on sth.(=have an effect on sth.)对某事有影响，使某物产生变化。
[考题例析] The football player reacted ________ the judge’s decision by drawing from the match.
A. on B. to
C. with D. against
解析 选D。根据句意可知，“那足球运动员反抗裁判的决定”，应选介词against。其它选项react ｔｏ sb. /sth. 对……作出回应（反应）；react with sth.与……物质起化学反应； react on sth.(=have an effect on sth.)对某事有影响，使某物产生变化，均不符句意。
二、重点短语
1. set down 写下；记下
例２８ Why don’t you set your ideas down on paper? 你怎么不把你的想法写在纸上呢？
[拓展] set apart使与众不同；使分开；留出 set about sth. (doing sth.)着手干某事 set back推迟；延缓；阻碍ｓｅｔ ｏｆｆ 动身(for sp.)；激起；引起 set out动身(for sp.)；开始干(to do sth.) set up建立；开业 set sail起航。
[考题例析] The new government must _______ finding solutions to the country’s economic problems.
A. set about B. set up
C. set out D. set down
解析选A。句意：新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。根据句意及句子结构，只有选项set about后接动名词，含有“着手干什么”之意，其它选项不符句意及其结构。
2. center (sth.) on / upon / round sb. /sth. 将某人或某物当作中心、主题或重点；集中于某人或某物。
例２９ The social life of the village centers round the local sports club. 村民们的社交活动都集中在当地的体育俱乐部。
[考题例析] Her research is centered _______ the social effects of unemployment.
A. upon B. for
C. in D. oｆ
解析 选A。 center (sth.) on / upon / round sb. /sth. 为固定短语，意为“将某人或某物当作中心、主题或重点；集中于某人或某物。”
3. run out of “用光；耗尽”，为及物动词短语，后接名词或代词作宾语，也可构成被动结构。
例３０They have run out of their supplies. 他们的供应品已耗尽了。
可转换成：Their supplies have been run out of.
注意：run out “用光；耗尽”，为不及物动词短语，其后不可直接跟名词或代词作宾语，也不可用于被动语态。
[考题例析]
---Have we _______ our food?
---Yes, _______. We’d better buy some.
A. run out of; we have run it out
B. run out; our food has been run out
C. run out of; our food has run out
D. run out; we have run out our food
解析 选C。第一空应选run out of 后接宾语；第二空run out为不及物动词短语，其后不可直接接宾语，也不可用于被动语态，故只有选项C符合句意及结构。
4. in the name of以……名义；代表
例３１ Animal experiments are carried on in the name of science. 一些动物实验是以科学的名义进行的。
[拓展] under the name of“用……别名”；by the name of“名叫……”（=called; named）；by name“名叫”；name sb. / sth. after…“以……名字命名”。
[考题例析]
The bridge was named _______ the hero who gave his life for the course of the people.
A. after B. by
C. in D. under
解析 选A。该句意为：这座桥是以一位为人民事业而献身的英雄的名义而命名的。name sb. /sth. after以……名字命名。其他选项不符句意。
5. apart from
（1）除……以外；撇开……来说
例３２ This article is well written, apart from some spelling mistakes. 除了一些拼写错误以外，这不失为一件好作品。
（2）此外（=besides; in addition to）
例３３ Apart from being too large, it just doesn’t suit me. 除了太大之外，它对我也不合适。
[考题例析]
_______ giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experience.
A. In addition B. Except
C. But D. Apart from
解析 选D。选项A如为in addition to 即为正确；选项B、C表示不包括在内之意，不符句意；只有选项D符合句意。
6. as a consequence of 作为……结果
例３４She was found guilty, and lost her job as a consequence of it. 她被判有罪，因而失去了工作。
[拓展] in consequence (of sth) = as a result (of sth.)由于某事物的缘故，因而；be of no consequence (to sb.)对……无关紧要；take / suffer / bear the consequences of one’s actions 承担行动的后果。
[考题例析] Time after time she was warned of the ________ of her actions.
A. results B. effects
C. importance D. consequences
解析 选D。句意：她多次受到警告她这样做的后果。effect效果，作用，影响；result结果；importance重要性，均不符句意。ｃonsequence在此作“结果，后果”解，常指不好的结果，为不可数名词。
7. break out （指激烈事件）突然发生、爆发
例３５Fire broke out during the night. 夜间突然发生了火灾。
[拓展] break down 失灵，失败，垮，瓦解，分解 break into强行进入某处，突然开始break off停止讲话；（使某物）折断，中断某事物break through突破，强行穿过break up解散，崩溃，打碎，强行驱散；分开某事物。
[考题例析] Police were called in to _______ the meeting.
A. break out B. break off
C. break down D. break up
解析 选D。句意：出动警察将会议驱散了。根据句意及选项动词短语词意，只有break up含有“驱散”之意义。其它短语无此含义。
8. feed…on…给（人或物）食物；喂养；饲养
例３６ What do you usually feed your dog on? 你通常用什么喂狗？
[拓展] feed on sth.（指动物，婴儿）吃，以……为食物 feed sth. to sb. /sth.给人或动物某物作为食物 feed A with B (= feed B into A) 给某物提供原料；将原料提供给某物。
[考题例析] The moving belt feeds the machine________ raw material.
A. to B. with C. on D. for
解析 选B。句意：传送带向机器输送原料。根据句意，应选介词with。该句也可以表达为：The moving belt feeds raw material into the machine。
9. in detail详细地
例３７She described the accident in detail that happened this morning. 她详细描述了今天上午发生的那场事故。
[拓展] go into detail(s)详细叙述 detail(v.) sth. to / for sb.向某人叙述某事 a detailed(adj.) description / account详细的描述（叙述）。
[考题例析] At the news conference, the representative of the local government explained ________ detail the policy concerning the development of the new special economic zone.
A. in B. with C. on D. to
解析选A。句意：在新闻发布会上，地方政府代表详细阐述了关于新经济特区的发展。in detail 详细地，为固定习语。
10. make sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通；是合情理的
例３８ What you say makes no sense. 你说的话没有道理。
[拓展]make sense of sth. 理解或弄懂困难的或无法理解的事物 in one’s senses 头脑健全，神志清醒 out of one’s senses 精神不正常，愚蠢 see sense 明白事理。
[考题例析]It doesn’t _________ to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
A. bring sense B. see sense
C. drive sense D. make sense
解析 选D。句意：这些便宜的大衣也很好，买那贵的不合情理。see sense 明白事理；drive sense改变某人的行为；bring sense短语结构错误。根据句意只有短语make sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通；是合情理的，符合题意。