论文部分内容阅读
《上古时期的“衣”与“裳”》(作者:柴静、白友涛,载《文史知识》1997年第 3期,下称《衣》文)一文认为:“上古时期‘衣’指下衣——裙,也用来泛指衣服;‘裳’指上衣.”我以为此说不确,不能不辩.《衣》文提出的第一个理由是:“从服装的起源来看,最早出现的衣服是下衣,人们对于‘衣’字的最早概念当指下衣.”“在上衣还没有出现的时候,说衣是上衣当然极不合情理.后来随着时间的推移、历史的进步,人类开始使用上衣来遮蔽前后心及臂膀,就出现了‘裳’.”实际上最早出现的衣服未必是下衣,原始人使用服装的最初动机并非遮羞,因为这并不是第一需要.在至今还处在原始社会的部落中,曾经发现过不少不穿衣服的原始民族,却从来没有发现过没有装饰品的原始民族,因而许多人类学家认为装饰才是原始人使用服装的最初动机.至于遮羞的观念,恐怕要到私有制产生以后才有,原始人并不像文明人那样因赤裸身体而感到羞耻(参见上海古籍出版社编《中国文化史三百题》).退一步说,就算最早出现的是遮羞的下衣,也不能证明上古时期“衣”指下衣,“裳”指上衣.因为语言符号中的形式和意义的结合完全由社会“约定俗成”,正如荀子所说:“名无固宜,约之以命,约定俗成谓之宜,异于约则谓之不
“Ancient times” clothing “and” skirt “” (Author: Chai Jing, of Hui contained “cultural and historical knowledge” 1997 3, hereinafter referred to as “clothing” Wen) article said: “In ancient times ’clothes’ refers to clothing The first reason the ”clothing“ article puts forward is: ”From the origin of clothing, the earliest The clothes that appear are the undergarments, and the earliest concept of the word ’clothing’ should be taken as the name of the undergarment. “” Of course, when the coat is not yet present, it is unreasonable to say that it is a blouse, and as time goes by, historical progress , Human beings began to use the coat to cover the front and back of the heart and arm, appeared ’clothes.’ “In fact, the earliest clothes may not be the underwear, the primitive motivation to use clothing is not a shame, because this is not the first need. Still in the primitive tribal society, many uncircumcised pristines have been discovered but no primitive people without ornaments have ever been discovered. Many anthropologists therefore believe that decorating was the first motive of the primitive people to use the garments As for the concept of shame, I am afraid I am going to be private After the system was born, the primitives were not ashamed of naked bodies like civilized people (see Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, ”Three Hundred Problems of Chinese Cultural History“.) Step back and say that even if the earliest appeared under the shame Clothing, can not prove that ancient times, ”clothing“ refers to the underwear, ”Sang“ refers to the shirt.As the combination of form and meaning in the language symbol completely by the community ”conventions", as Xunzi said: To life, conventions that are appropriate, different from the treaty that is not