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基于三峡水库巫山段和秭归段消落带海拔155~172 m区段经历水库水位涨落前(2008年)和经历1次(2009年)、4次(2012年)、7次(2015年)水库水位涨落后土壤化学性质的长期定位监测,研究峡谷地貌区消落带土壤氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、有机质(OM)含量和p H值的时空动态变化规律,并对其养分状态进行评价.结果表明:随着经历水库水位涨落次数的增多,消落带土壤全氮(TN)、速效氮(AN)、速效钾(AK)和OM含量减少,全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)、速效磷(AP)含量和p H值增加;经历水库水位涨落前和经历1次水库水位涨落后,消落带各土层的TP、TK和AP含量为巫山样地>秭归样地,经历4次和7次水库水位涨落后,变为秭归样地>巫山样地;随着经历水库水位涨落次数的增多,消落带大多数土壤化学指标含量在土层间的差异减小.对照全国第二次土壤普查养分分级标准,经历7次水库水位涨落后,秭归样地土壤TP和AP含量达到极高等级,巫山样地土壤AP含量为高等级,其他指标为中等及以下等级.三峡水库的水文特征、人为活动的干扰,以及不同土壤化学指标性质的差异,是峡谷地貌区消落带土壤N、P、K、OM含量和p H值时空变化的主要驱动因素.
Based on the experiences of the water level fluctuation (2008) and the experiences of one (2009), four (2012) and seven (2015) years in the Wushan and Zigui sections of the Three Gorges Reservoir at an elevation of 155-172 m, Long-term positioning and monitoring of soil chemical properties after the water level fluctuation in the reservoir area was carried out to study the spatial and temporal dynamics of soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), organic matter (OM) The results showed that with the increase of the number of water level fluctuations in the reservoir, the contents of total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), available potassium (AK) and OM decreased, (TP), total potassium (TK), available phosphorus (AP), and p H increased. Before and after a year of reservoir water level fluctuation, the contents of TP, TK and AP in different soil layers Wushan sample> Zigui sample plots. After 4 times and 7 times of reservoir water level fluctuation, they changed into the Wushan sample plots> Wushan sample plots. With the increase of the number of water level fluctuations in the reservoir, most of the soil chemical content The difference in the soil layer decreased.Compared with the national second soil census nutrient classification standard, after seven times of reservoir water level fluctuation, the soil TP and AP content Reaching the extremely high level, the content of AP in the soil of Wushan plot was high level, and the other indicators were of medium and below grade.The hydrological characteristics of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the disturbance of anthropogenic activities, and the difference of the nature of the chemical indicators of different soils were the fluctuation zones The main driving factors for spatio-temporal changes of soil N, P, K, OM contents and p H values.