论文部分内容阅读
新西兰国土总面积27万平方公里,农业用地18万平方公里。在欧洲殖民者占领的140年间,经济结构主要是依赖当地的土地资源发展农牧业。尽管森林工业和旅游业的产值迅速提高,但出口的主要产品如肉、羊毛、牛奶及奶制品和水果等的产值仍占出口总额的80%。为了发展畜牧业,当时采伐了大量的森林,把山地变成牧场。由于全国山多坡陡,地质条件复杂,构造作用频繁,降雨充沛(年降雨量660—1500mm)且多暴雨,加之采伐森林后未及时采取相应的水土保持措施,水土流失十分严重。
New Zealand has a total land area of 270,000 square kilometers and an agricultural land of 180,000 square kilometers. During the 140 years that European settlers occupied, the economic structure mainly relied on the local land resources to develop agriculture and animal husbandry. Despite rapid increases in the output value of the forest industry and tourism, the export of key products such as meat, wool, milk and dairy products and fruits still account for 80% of the total export value. In order to develop livestock husbandry, large numbers of forests were harvested at the time and the mountains were turned into pastures. Due to the steep mountainous slopes, complex geological conditions, frequent tectonic actions, abundant rainfall (annual rainfall of 660-1500 mm) and heavy rains, and the corresponding water and soil conservation measures not taken timely after logging forests, water and soil loss is very serious.