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问世于嘉庆年间的《何典》是一部极其奇特的小说,它以幽默的文体展示了数十个形形色色的魑魅魍魉在鬼世界中的悲欢离合,读来颇有兴味。号称“过路人”的作者张南庄本着“拾得篮中就是菜,得开怀处且开怀”[1](p189)的反传统的写作见解,通过描写阴曹地府中的土财主活鬼与活死人两代人的不同遭遇,向我们展示了一个尔虞我诈光怪陆离,“闹得六缸水弗浑”[2]的荒唐世界,体现了作者对传统文化独到的批判精神,呈现出鲜活的生命力,堪称文章佳构。然而,由于作者为文大胆放纵荒诞,这部作品自问世以来就颇多争议,包括许多文人雅士在内的读者和研究者对此书多有毁谤之词。这其中,小说里对于男女主人公活死人和臭花娘的一系列描述落入才子佳人小说之套就一直遭人非议。笔者不惮浅陋,试为之一辩并将之作一比较,管窥一二。
The advent of “Jia Dian” in Jiaqing was an extremely peculiar novel, showing in a humorous style dozens of all kinds of fickleness and sorrow in the ghost world. Zhang Nanzhuang, author of the passer-by, called for “anti-traditional writing in his book,” in his pick-up basket, having a heartfelt joy. “[1] (p189) The different encounters between the ghosts and the living dead two generations show us a ridiculous world of intrigues and a ridiculous world that ”makes six-cylinder water phoenixes" [2], which reflects the author’s original critique of traditional culture and shows Fresh vitality, called the article good structure. However, since the author boldly indulged absurdity in the text, the work has been controversial since its inception. Many readers and researchers, including many literary masters, have vilified this book. Among these, the series of descriptions of male and female protagonists and smelly actresses in the novels fall into the trap of genius and beauty novels. I fear not shallow, try one of the debate and make a comparison, a look at one or two.