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年年栽树难成荫地处黄海之滨、苏中平原的东台市,绿化造林一直走在全省前列,曾先后获得“全国平原绿化达标县(市)”、“全国科技兴林示范县(市)”等荣誉称号。然而,随着市场经济体制进程的加快,绿化造林也同样面临着新的挑战,每年冬春花巨额资金兴师动众植树造林,但收效甚微。据林管部门的资料显示:全市每年集体和个人投入500多万元,出工200多万个,植树造林400万株以上。有人形象地说:“如果把每年的植树量加起来,恐怕连群众的锅盖上也栽上了树!”而实际状况呢?农田林网有的网格不高,残缺不全,路道树木断垄缺株,甚至极少数乡镇成片林也有减无增;圩堤沟渠、农宅四旁和“三荒”地等宜林地还有大批空白区。每年新植树木成活率只有65%左右,少数地段甚至不足30%,全市实有林木总量还不足累计植树量的1/3。植树造林是美化环境、惠及子孙后代的千秋大业,为什么“年年栽树树不多,岁岁造林林难见”呢?根本原因在于林权制度不合理。一方面现有的栽管机制是,人人都栽树,大家都管树,大家都有责任,大家又都没有责任。特别是集体的树,常常是有人栽没人管,即使成活了,也是“一年青,二年黄,三年就要见阎王”。另一方面林业经营机制僵化,投入与收益相分离。群众只有花钱栽树的义务,却没有经营林木、开发林地的权利。由于缺乏利益驱动,树木品种更新慢,林木、林地资源开发利用少。结果是植树造林无回报,集体没积累,群众没收益,结构难优化。
Year-by-year planting trees is difficult to shade is located in the Yellow Sea, Dongzai Plain in the Soviet Union, afforestation has been walking in the forefront of the province, has won the “national plains afforestation county (city)”, “National Science and Technology Lin demonstration counties (cities) ”and other honorary titles. However, with the acceleration of the process of market economy, green afforestation also faces new challenges as well. Each year, huge amounts of funds are spent on planting trees and afforestation in winter and spring, but with little success. According to the information of the forest management department, the total investment of collectives and individuals in the whole city is more than 5 million yuan each year, more than 2 million people work and more than 4 million trees are afforestation. Someone vividly said: “If we add up the annual tree planting, I am afraid that even the masses of pots are also planted with trees!” And the actual situation? Road trees broken ridge lack of strains, and even a very small number of township into a piece of forest also reduced no increase; levee dike ditch, farm house on all sides and “three shortage ” and other appropriate forest there are a large number of blank area. The annual survival rate of newly planted trees is only about 65%, even a few areas are less than 30%. The actual total amount of forest in the whole city is less than one-third of the total amount of tree-planting. Afforestation is to beautify the environment and benefit future generations of grandchildren, why “few trees planted year after year, difficult to find forest”? The fundamental reason is that forest rights system is unreasonable. On the one hand, the existing planting mechanism is that everyone lives in a tree and we all manage the tree. Everyone has a responsibility, and everybody has no responsibility. In particular, the collective tree is often planted without people. Even if it survives, it is also “a young man, two years of yellow, and three years of going to see the king of hell.” On the other hand, the mechanism of forestry management is rigid and investment and income are separated. The masses only have the obligation to spend money on planting trees, but they do not have the rights to run trees and develop woodlands. Due to the lack of profit-driven, tree species update slow, forest, woodland resources development and utilization of less. The result is afforestation without reward, the collective did not accumulate, the masses did not benefit, the structure is difficult to optimize.