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一、一个应有的基本估计 自从我们国家实行开放政策以来,在文化领域从国外引进了很多新的成果、新的理论、新的方法。这些引进,对我们社会主义新文化的发展繁荣,到底起了什么作用,还存在什么问题呢?对此,要做出科学的、求实的回答,显然还为时尚早。这里我们只能以文学艺术为例,做一个初步、基本的估计。 这个初步、基本的估计就是:它首先起到了积极地推进作用;同时它也存在着不可忽视的问题。从它的积极的推进作用方面说,至少有以下几点:①在文艺的功能上,突破了文艺工具论的传统观念,恢复了文艺多种功能的正确理论;②在创作的题材上,冲破了很多禁区,基本上确认了哪里有生活,哪里就有文艺的正确主张;③在文艺的表现对象上,人在文艺作品中失去的主体地位,逐渐地得到了恢复;④在文体的形式上,那些固有的旧模式得到了改造,那些未有的新形式得到了创造;⑤在作品的主题上,横向得到了拓展,纵向得到了开掘;⑥在写作手法上,传统手法中好的方法得到了发展,传统手法中没有的方法得到了探索;⑦在人物的心理描写上,开拓了全方位的审视,加
I. A Basic Estimation Since the opening of our country, many new achievements, new theories and new methods have been introduced from abroad in the field of culture. What are the problems that these introductions have had in the development and prosperity of our new socialist culture and what are the problems? In view of this, it is too early to make a scientific and realistic answer. Here we can only take the literature and art as an example, to make a preliminary, basic estimate. This initial, basic assessment is: It first played a positive role in promoting; the same time, it also has problems that can not be ignored. From its positive role in promoting, at least the following points: ① in the function of literature and art, broke through the traditional concepts of art tools, restored the correct theory of the variety of functions; ② in the creation of the subject, breaking A lot of restricted areas, basically confirmed where there is life, where there is the correct idea of literature and art; ③ in the object of literary and artistic performance, the loss of the dominant position of man in literary and artistic work, has been gradually restored; ④ in the form of style , The original old models have been transformed and new ones that have not been created have been created; (5) the horizontal extension has been made in the theme of the work, and the vertical has been dug; (6) in the writing technique, the good methods of the traditional techniques have been The development of the traditional methods have not been explored; ⑦ in the psychological description of the characters, opened up a full range of review, plus