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目的调查凉山地区青少年四种常见变应性疾病--湿疹、荨麻疹、变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)、支气管哮喘(bronchial asthma,BA)的发病情况,及农村与城区患病差异。方法采用分层整群抽样方式确定调查点。受调查者填写调查问卷,接受皮肤科、耳鼻喉科、内科专科医师检查。结果湿疹调查8113人,发现患者810例,患病率10.0%,标准化患病率9.3%;男性患病率8.1%,女性患病率11.2%(P<0.01);城区与农村患病率均为10.0%。荨麻疹调查8113人,发现患者513例,患病率6.3%,标准化患病率6.5%;男性患病率4.6%,女性患病率7.5%(P<0.01);农村患病率6.9%,城区患病率4.9%(P<0.01)。AR调查7977人,发现患者741人,患病率9.3%,标准化患病率9.1%;男性患病率9.4%,女性患病率9.2%(P>0.05);农村患病率9.0%,城区10.1%(P>0.05)。BA调查7741人,发现患者296例,患病率3.8%,标准化患病率4.0%;男性患病率3.2%,女性患病率4.2%(P<0.05);农村患病率4.1%,城区患病率2.9%(P<0.05)。结论通过调查获得了凉山地区青少年四种变应疾病患病数据。发现女性湿疹、荨麻疹、BA患病率均高于男性,AR患病率相近。农村湿疹、荨麻疹、支气管哮喘患病率均高于城区,AR患病率相近。
Objective To investigate the incidence of eczema, urticaria, allergic rhinitis (AR) and bronchial asthma (BA) in adolescents in Liangshan region and the prevalence of the disease in rural and urban areas. Methods The stratified cluster sampling method was used to determine the investigation points. Survey respondents fill out the questionnaire, dermatology, otolaryngology, medical specialist examination. Results The number of patients with eczema was 8,113. Among them, 810 cases were found with a prevalence of 10.0% and a standardized prevalence rate of 9.3%. The prevalence rate was 8.1% in males and 11.2% in females (P <0.01) Is 10.0%. Urticaria survey 8,113 people, found that 513 patients, the prevalence of 6.3%, the standardized prevalence rate of 6.5%; male prevalence rate of 4.6%, the prevalence of women 7.5% (P <0.01); rural prevalence rate of 6.9% The prevalence in urban areas was 4.9% (P <0.01). AR survey 7977 people, found 741 patients, the prevalence rate of 9.3%, the standardized prevalence rate of 9.1%; male prevalence rate of 9.4%, 9.2% of women (P> 0.05); rural prevalence rate of 9.0%, urban 10.1% (P> 0.05). BA investigated 7741 people, found 296 patients, the prevalence rate of 3.8%, the standardized prevalence rate of 4.0%; the prevalence of men 3.2%, the prevalence of women 4.2% (P <0.05); rural prevalence rate of 4.1%, urban The prevalence was 2.9% (P <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence data of four allergic diseases among adolescents in Liangshan area were obtained through investigation. Found that female eczema, urticaria, BA prevalence were higher than men, AR prevalence was similar. The prevalence of eczema, urticaria and bronchial asthma in rural areas were higher than those in urban areas, and the prevalence of AR was similar.