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目的:了解长春城区中老年女性慢性病患病情况,为慢性病的防治提供科学依据。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样方法对长春城区≥40岁中老年女性进行问卷调查、体格检查,同时利用超声骨密度测量仪测量跟骨骨密度。结果:本地区中老年女性慢性病患病率前5位为肥胖(17.0%)、高血压(16.8%)、糖尿病(16.4%)、冠心病(13.0%)、胃肠疾病(8.6%),随着年龄的增长,糖尿病、高血压、冠心病、脑卒中、高血脂、肺部疾病、骨质疏松的患病率逐渐升高(P<0.05);随着体重指数(BMI)的增加,糖尿病、高血压、冠心病、高血脂、脂肪肝的患病率逐渐增加,骨质疏松患病率逐渐降低(P<0.05);绝经后女性糖尿病、高血压、冠心病、脑卒中、高血脂、脂肪肝、胃肠疾病、肺部疾病、骨质疏松的患病率显著高于未绝经女性(P<0.05)。结论:在长春城区中老年女性中,肥胖、高血压、糖尿病是前3位的慢性疾病,合理的饮食结构、适量的体育运动、控制体重、减少肥胖的发生可预防慢性疾病的发生。
Objective: To understand the prevalence of chronic diseases among middle-aged and elderly women in Changchun urban area and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Methods: A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to survey the aged and over 40-year-old women in Changchun urban area. Physical examination was performed. Meanwhile, the bone mineral density of calcaneus was measured by ultrasonic bone mineral density meter. Results: The prevalence rates of chronic diseases among middle and old aged women in this area were obesity (17.0%), hypertension (16.8%), diabetes (16.4%), coronary heart disease (13.0%) and gastrointestinal diseases (8.6% The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, hyperlipidemia, lung disease and osteoporosis increased gradually with the increase of age (P <0.05). With the increase of body mass index (BMI) , The prevalence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia and fatty liver gradually increased, and the prevalence of osteoporosis gradually decreased (P <0.05). In postmenopausal women with diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, hyperlipidemia, The prevalence of fatty liver, gastrointestinal diseases, lung diseases and osteoporosis were significantly higher than those in non-menopausal women (P <0.05). Conclusion: Among middle-aged and elderly women in Changchun, obesity, hypertension and diabetes are the top three chronic diseases. A reasonable diet, proper physical exercise, weight control and obesity prevention can prevent chronic diseases.