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1.概况以前都是用油压试验机,对车桥进行以耐久试验为主的室内强度试验,在静负荷试验中主要注重于刚性。这是因为要测量这样大的部件的应力分布及主应力方向,只靠应变计,是很困难的。最近利用光弹性薄膜及应变涂料进行试验已经很普遍。如光弹性薄膜法,由于薄膜材料的发展而使操作非常容易,对于测定应力分布相当有利。另外,由于以前应变涂料受温度和湿度的影响而不好使用,现在是把适应温度和湿度的应变涂料装在袋子里,这就非常方便,可以高度精确地测出应力集中位置。但是无论用哪一种方法来测定应力都不能说是万能的,各有其缺点。这就需要根据试验物体的大小、形状及应力集中程度来适当选定测定方法。
1. Overview Previously used hydraulic testing machine, the axle to the durability test mainly indoor strength test, static load test mainly focus on rigidity. This is because it is very difficult to measure the stress distribution and principal stress direction of such a large component only by the strain gauge. It has become commonplace to experiment with photoelastic films and strain coatings recently. Such as the photoelastic thin film method, due to the development of thin film material to make the operation very easy, for the determination of stress distribution is quite favorable. In addition, due to the temperature and humidity of the previous strain of paint is not good to use, now is to adapt to temperature and humidity of the strain of paint in the bag, which is very convenient, can be highly accurately measured stress concentration. However, no matter which method is used to measure the stress, it can not be said to be omnipotent, each has its own shortcomings. This requires the test object according to the size, shape and stress concentration to the appropriate selection of determination methods.