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本文主要根据敦煌文献,探讨唐五代敦煌寺院畜牧业发展的特点。敦煌寺院普遍拥有牧群,牧羊业是寺院畜牧业的重要内容。寺院畜牧业经营属于民间富裕地主型规模化经营方式,委派牧人进行放养,牧人身份不同享受不同的待遇。同一时期寺院畜牧业发展并不平衡,不同时期寺院畜牧业水平有很大的差异。畜牧业经营主要是满足生产、生活中耕种、运输以及乳产品以及毛皮制品的需要,除却“食肉”需求外,寺院畜牧业用途与民间私营畜牧业基本相同。敦煌寺院畜牧业是唐五代敦煌地区民间私营畜牧业发展的表现之一。
This article mainly based on the Dunhuang literature to explore the characteristics of the development of animal husbandry in Dunhuang temples during the Tang and Wudang Dynasties. Dunhuang monasteries generally have herds of sheep husbandry is an important part of the temple animal husbandry. The operation of monastic livestock husbandry belongs to the mode of large-scale operation of wealthy landlords in the private sector. Shepherds are assigned to stocking herds and herdsmen enjoy different benefits depending on their status. During the same period, the development of monastic husbandry in monasteries was not balanced. There were great differences in the levels of monastic husbandry in monasteries in different periods. The main business of livestock husbandry is to meet the needs of farming, transportation and dairy products as well as fur products in production and daily life. Except for the demand of “meat meat”, the use of livestock husbandry in the temple is basically the same as private private livestock husbandry. Dunhuang Temple Animal Husbandry is one of the manifestations of the development of folk private livestock husbandry in Dunhuang in the Tang and Wudang Dynasties.