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MicroRNA(miRNA)是一种内源性非编码小RNA,在转录后水平负调节靶基因的表达,并参与多种细胞的生命活动,特别是在肿瘤的发生、发展和迁移过程中起重要作用。miRNA通过调控相关靶基因,影响黑素瘤相关蛋白的转录翻译,从而促进或抑制黑素瘤的发生、发展和转移。miR-137和miR-182可以负向调节小眼球相关转录因子(microphthalmia-associatedtranscription factor,MITF)表达,抑制黑素瘤增殖和侵袭;MITF也可以反向调控miR-137和miR-182,增强黑素瘤的迁移能力。miR-221和miR-222通过下调p27Kipl/CDKN1B和c-kit受体两条信号通路促进黑素细胞恶化,从而在黑素瘤中发挥癌基因样效应;而在早幼粒白血病锌指蛋白(promyelocytic leukemia Zinc-Finger,PLZF)结合miR-221和miR-222的调节区后,可以抑制黑素瘤细胞转化和侵袭。Let-7家族成员主要抑制黑素瘤发生、发展和迁移,一旦缺失或表达下降则促进黑素瘤增殖发展。miR-34通过下调原癌基因和相关细胞周期蛋白表达,在黑素瘤中主要发挥抑癌基因样作用。通过检测正常个体和黑素瘤患者外周血miRNA表达谱的差异,有助于诊断黑素瘤;监测分析相关miRNA变化有助于判断患者的疗效和预后情况。因此,深入探索相关miRNA在黑素瘤中的靶基因及调控作用机制有望为黑素瘤的诊断、治疗开辟新途径。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate target gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and are involved in the life activities of many kinds of cells, especially in the development, progression and migration of tumors . MiRNAs can promote or inhibit the occurrence, development and metastasis of melanoma by regulating related target genes and affecting the transcriptional translation of melanoma-related proteins. miR-137 and miR-182 negatively regulate the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and inhibit the proliferation and invasion of melanoma. MITF can also reverse miR-137 and miR-182, The ability of the tumor to migrate. miR-221 and miR-222 play an oncogene-like role in melanoma by down-regulating the two signaling pathways, p27Kip1 / CDKN1B and c-kit receptors, in melanoma; whereas in zinc finger proteins of promyelocytic leukemia promyelocytic leukemia Zinc-Finger, PLZF) can inhibit the transformation and invasion of melanoma cells after binding to the regulatory regions of miR-221 and miR-222. The members of Let-7 family mainly inhibit the occurrence, development and migration of melanoma, and promote the proliferation and proliferation of melanoma in the absence or decline of expression. miR-34 plays a major role in tumor suppressor genes in melanoma by downregulating proto-oncogene and related cyclin expression. It is helpful to diagnose melanoma by detecting the difference of miRNA expression profiles in peripheral blood of normal individuals and melanoma patients. Monitoring the changes of related miRNAs can help to determine the efficacy and prognosis of patients. Therefore, in-depth exploration of miRNA target genes in melanoma and its regulatory mechanism is expected to open up new avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma.