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为进一步提高小麦花培育种效率,明确花药培养力的遗传控制基础,以11个小麦品种及其组配的20个F1杂种为材料,探讨了基因型、培养基和环境条件对愈伤组织诱导率的影响。在W14D、W14Gd、W14GD培养基上,Alondra、Verry、石4185、新春9号和百农3217的花药易被诱导产生愈伤组织,诱导率为25.3%~51.9%,其中石4185是目前公认的花培育种优良亲本,新春9号为新发现的优良花培基因型。以宁春4号配制的部分F1杂种的愈伤组织诱导率较高,大多数组合高于10.0%,表明宁春4号与供试品种间具有较高的花药培养配合力。小麦花培育种技术要求亲本之一具有较高的花药愈伤组织诱导率或较高的花药培养配合力。小麦花药培养力的遗传控制复杂,表现为数量性状遗传,亲本花药培养力很高,其F1组合花药培养力不一定很高,这与双亲配合力有关。小麦花药培养中,供体植株生长和愈伤组织诱导的适宜条件为较长的营养生长期、适宜的前期(分蘖期)温度和较高的中期(拔节后期)温度。在添加低浓度生长素和葡萄糖的液体培养基中发现小麦花药直接成苗现象,2,4-D诱导花药直接成苗效果优于Dicamba。随着年度间气候升高的影响,相同基因型花药愈伤组织诱导率呈现增加趋势。
In order to further improve the efficiency of flower breeding in wheat and clarify the genetic control basis of anther culture ability, 11 wheat cultivars and 20 F1 hybrids were used to study the effects of genotype, medium and environmental conditions on callus induction Rate of impact. On W14D, W14Gd and W14GD medium, the anthers of Alondra, Verry, Shi 4185, Xinchun 9 and Bainong 3217 were easily induced to produce callus with the induction rate of 25.3% ~ 51.9%. Stone 4185 is currently recognized Breeding elite parents of flowers, New Year 9 for the newly discovered genotypes of excellent flower culture. The results showed that some F1 hybrids with Ningchun No.4 had higher callus induction rate, most of them were higher than 10.0%, indicating that Ningchun No.4 had higher anther culture combining ability with the tested cultivars. Wheat flower breeding technology requires that one of the parents have higher induction rate of anther callus or higher anther culture combining ability. The genetic control of wheat anther culture power is complex, which is characterized by the quantitative trait inheritance. The parental anther culture ability is very high. The F1 anther culture ability is not necessarily high, which is related to the parental combining ability. Wheat anther culture, donor plant growth and callus induction of suitable conditions for the longer vegetative growth period, the appropriate pre-(tillering) temperature and the higher metaphase (post-jointing) temperature. The direct anther formation of wheat anthers was found in the liquid medium supplemented with low concentrations of auxin and glucose, and 2,4-D induced the direct anther formation of anther than that of Dicamba. With the annual climate change, the induction rate of anther callus of the same genotype showed an increasing trend.