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原子轨道(又称原子轨函)的图形和电子云分布的图形是化学教学中的基本内容,是了解原子结构的关键之一。在教学中正确地表达这两种图形,是化学教学的重要一环。通常原子轨道图形由在原子核周围空间原子轨道ψ的等值线图形表示。在二维平面上作图时,常选择通过原子核和两个坐标轴的平面,在这平面上画出等值线。图1示出几种原子轨道的等值线图。
Graphs of atomic orbitals (also known as atomic orbitals) and patterns of electron cloud distribution are the basic elements in chemistry teaching and are one of the keys to understanding atomic structures. In the teaching of the correct expression of these two graphics is an important part of chemistry teaching. The atomic orbital pattern is typically represented by a contour plot of atomic orbitals ψ in the space around the nucleus. When plotting on a two-dimensional plane, the plane that passes through the nucleus and the two axes is often chosen and the contour is drawn on this plane. Figure 1 shows the contour map of several atomic orbits.