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目的通过听力筛查,了解新生儿听力障碍的患病率及特征。方法采用GSI70畸变产物耳声发射仪,对2006年5月～2009年1月我院产科出生的6 159例新生儿进行听力筛查,出生后3～7 d或出院前初筛,初筛未通过者于出生42 d复筛,仍未通过者转诊至指定医院接受诊断性耳声发射、听脑干反应和40 Hz听相关电位检查。结果接受听力初筛人数5 594例,筛查率90.83%,初筛通过4 641例,初筛通过率82.96%,需复筛953例,实际复筛507例,复筛率53.20%,复筛通过447例,复筛通过率88.17%。确诊为听力障碍者13例,听力障碍患病率2.53‰,男性6例,患病率2.41‰,女性7例,患病率2.63‰,男女患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),正常新生儿8例,患病率1.69‰,重症监护室新生儿5例,患病率12.35‰,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新生儿听力障碍患病率男女无差异,重症监护室新生儿听力障碍患病率高于正常新生儿的患病率,畸变产物耳声发射两步筛查法可降低假阳性率。
Objective To understand the prevalence and characteristics of neonatal hearing impairment through hearing screening. Methods Six hundred and fifty-five newborns born in obstetrics and gynecology department of our hospital from May 2006 to January 2009 were subjected to hearing screening with GSI70 distorted product otoacoustic transmitter. The screening was done 3 to 7 days after birth or before discharge, Those who passed the screening at 42 days of age and who had not passed the referral to the designated hospital for diagnostic otoacoustic emissions, brainstem response and 40 Hz listening-related potential examination. Results A total of 5 594 cases of hearing screening, screening rate of 90.83%, initial screening of 4 641 cases, screening rate of 82.96%, 953 need to re-screening, the actual screening of 507 cases, screening rate of 53.20% Through 447 cases, the re-screening rate of 88.17%. Among them, 13 were diagnosed as hearing impaired, the prevalence of hearing impairment was 2.53 ‰, 6 males, the prevalence was 2.41 ‰, and the females were 7, the prevalence was 2.63 ‰. There was no significant difference in the prevalence between men and women (P> 0.05) , Normal newborn in 8 cases, the prevalence of 1.69 ‰, 5 cases of neonatal intensive care unit, the prevalence was 12.35 ‰, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions There is no difference in the prevalence of neonatal hearing impairment between men and women. The prevalence of neonatal hearing impairment in intensive care unit is higher than that of normal neonates. The two-step screening method of distortion product otoacoustic emission can reduce the false positive rate.