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为探明小麦三叶期幼苗和成熟期籽实产量的Ni毒害效应及其相互关系,实现小麦作物Ni毒害的早期诊断,以春小麦“冀张春3号”为材料,采用盆栽试验方法,研究了外源Ni对小麦三叶期幼苗生长发育和成熟期籽实产量的影响,并对小麦三叶期和成熟期的生理指标进行相关分析.结果表明,外源Ni投加量<100 mg·kg~(-1),茎叶干质量和籽实产量无明显下降(p>0.05),茎叶中可溶性糖含量(p>0.05)和硝酸盐含量(p<0.01)增加,茎叶干鲜比值增加;Ni投加量≥100 mg·kg~(-1),茎叶干质量、可溶性糖、硝酸盐含量和成熟期籽实产量均明显下降(p<0.05或p<0.01),茎叶中淀粉和抗坏血酸含量明显增加(p<0.05或p<0.01),茎叶干鲜比值下降.土壤中各形态Ni与小麦三叶期幼苗中Ni呈显著正相关(p<0.01),土壤和幼苗中Ni与茎叶干质量、可溶性糖和籽实产量均呈显著负相关(p<0.05或p<0.01),表明小麦三叶期幼苗毒害和成熟期籽实产量下降是由作物体内Ni毒害造成的且无观察效应浓度(NOEC)一致;同时试验观察到小麦三叶期幼苗茎叶干质量、可溶性糖和硝酸盐含量变化与成熟期籽实产量呈显著正相关关系(p<0.05或p<0.01),表明利用小麦三叶期幼苗Ni毒害效应指标表征成熟期籽实产量Ni毒害是可行的.试验确定外源Ni对小麦成熟期籽实产量的无观察效应浓度为:土壤全Ni含量为139.08 mg·kg~(-1),土壤有效态Ni(DTPA提取)含量为21.59 mg·kg~(-1),小麦茎叶Ni含量为15.37 mg·kg~(-1),小麦根系Ni含量为361.78 mg·kg~(-1).
To identify the toxic effects of Ni on the seed yield and maturity of wheat at the three-leaf stage and their correlations, early detection of Ni toxicity was achieved in wheat crop. The spring wheat “Ji Zhang Chun 3” was used as material and the pot experiment method was used. The effects of exogenous Ni on the seed yield of wheat three-leaf stage seedlings were studied, and the correlation analysis was made between the physiological indexes of wheat at the three-leaf stage and the mature stage.The results showed that the exogenous Ni was less than 100 mg · kg ~ (-1), no significant decrease in stem and leaf dry weight and seed yield (p> 0.05), soluble sugar content (p> 0.05) and nitrate content (p <0.01) in stems and leaves, (P <0.05 or P <0.01), the starch content in stems and leaves was significantly increased (P <0.05 or P <0.01), the dry weight, soluble sugar content, And ascorbic acid (p <0.05 or p <0.01), and the ratio of dry matter to freshness of stems and leaves decreased.The positive correlation between each form of Ni in soil and Ni in wheat clover seedlings (p <0.01) And stem and leaf dry weight, soluble sugar and seed yield were significantly negative correlation (p <0.05 or p <0.01), indicating that the wheat clover seedling toxicity and maturity The decrease of real production was caused by the poisoning of Ni in crop plants with no observed effect concentration (NOEC). The dry weight, soluble sugar and nitrate content in stem and leaf of wheat clover seedling at the same time were significantly positively correlated with the seed yield at maturity (P <0.05 or p <0.01), indicating that it is feasible to characterize the toxic effect of Ni on the seed yield of mature wheat by using the Ni poisoning effect index of the wheat three-leaf stage seedling.This experiment determined the non-observed effect concentration of exogenous Ni on the seed yield of wheat at maturity The content of Ni in soil was 139.08 mg · kg -1, the content of soil available Ni was 21.59 mg · kg -1, the content of Ni in stem and leaves of wheat was 15.37 mg · kg -1, 1), the Ni content in wheat roots was 361.78 mg · kg -1.