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从国际贸易发展史来看,自由贸易和保护贸易经常是交替进行。不同历史时期的贸易保护主义都有特定的时代背景。二战后发源于美国的新贸易保护主义,是在以GATT/WTO为主导的国际多边自由贸易体制不断发展、经济全球化进程不断加快的背景下西方发达国家维持经济均势的产物,是在贸易自由化不断加快的进程中不断改变着自身形式的贸易保护主义。本文着重发掘新贸易保护主义的特点,追踪其理论依据,分析了几种典型的新贸易保护主义的形式,最后总结了其对自由贸易的影响并指出以及其不可能颠覆贸易自由化的主流发展趋势。
From the history of international trade, free trade and trade protection are often alternated. Trade protectionism in different historical periods has a specific historical background. The new trade protectionism originated in the United States after World War II is the result of the sustained development of the international multilateral free trade system dominated by the GATT / WTO and the sustained economic acceleration of the western developed countries. It is the product of the liberalization of trade Constantly accelerating the process of changing its own form of trade protectionism. This article focuses on exploring the features of new trade protectionism, tracing its theoretical basis, analyzing several typical forms of new protectionism, and finally summarizing its impact on free trade and pointing out that it is impossible to subvert the mainstream development of trade liberalization trend.