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[目的]了解台州市城乡居民生活饮用水卫生状况,为保障饮用水安全提供支持。[方法]将该市所有县级及以上集中式供水单位列为调查监测对象,于2012年3月、5月、8月、10月各监测1次;随机抽取每个县(市、区)30%的村镇集中式供水单位列为调查监测对象,于2012年5月、8月(分别代表上、下半年)各监测1次;采样及样品检验按照国家标准《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750—2006)相关要求进行;监测结果按《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)进行评价。[结果]台州市共抽取集中式供水单位201个,覆盖4175887人,占全市人口的71.2%。共监测水样1968份,合格1256份,总合格率为63.8%。其中大、小型供水单位水质合格率分别为89.4%和43.2%;县级及以上供水单位的水质合格率为95.9%,乡镇级为80.8%,村级为40.8%;县级及以上供水单位第一、二、三、四季度水质合格率分别为99.1%、99.2%、94.5%、91.9%;村镇集中式供水单位水质合格率上、下半年分别为61.0%、47.7%。从不同采样环节看,出厂水的合格率为41.7%,末梢水为75.4%;其中游离氯指标出厂水合格率为46.4%,末梢水为85.2%。合格率较低的指标主要集中在微生物和消毒剂两类。此外,采用完全处理方式的供水单位中,大型者占65.2%,小型者为7.7%;县级及以上占90.0%,乡镇级占56.8%,村级仅占7.8%。[结论]本次监测结果具有较好代表性;台州市水质合格率总体偏低;村级、小型供水单位水质合格率较低,水处理方式需进一步完善。
[Objective] To understand the sanitary status of drinking water in urban and rural areas of Taizhou and provide support for the protection of drinking water safety. [Methods] The centralized water supply units of all counties and above in the city were included in the survey and monitoring targets. Each monitoring was conducted in March, May, August and October 2012, and each county (city, district) 30% of centralized water supply units in villages and towns are listed as the targets of the survey and monitoring, and monitored in May and August of 2012 (on behalf of the second and the second half of the year respectively); sampling and sample inspection are conducted in accordance with the national standard “Standard Test Method for Domestic Drinking Water” (GB / T 5750-2006) related requirements; monitoring results according to “drinking water health standards” (GB 5749-2006) for evaluation. [Result] A total of 201 centralized water supply units were collected in Taizhou, covering 4175887 people, accounting for 71.2% of the city’s population. A total of 1968 water samples were monitored, qualified 1256, with a total pass rate of 63.8%. Among them, the passing rate of water quality of large and small water supply units was 89.4% and 43.2% respectively; the passing rate of water quality at county level and above was 95.9%, that of township level was 80.8% and that of village level was 40.8%; that of water supply units of county level and above The passing rates of water quality in the first, second, third and fourth quarters were 99.1%, 99.2%, 94.5% and 91.9% respectively. The qualified rates of water quality of centralized water supply units in villages and towns were 61.0% and 47.7% respectively in the second half of the year. From different sampling points, the passing rate of manufactured water is 41.7% and the peripheral water is 75.4%. The leaving water pass rate of free chlorine indicator is 46.4% and the peripheral water is 85.2%. Lower pass rate indicators are mainly concentrated in the two types of microorganisms and disinfectants. In addition, 65.2% of large-scale water supply units adopt complete treatment methods, 7.7% are small ones, 90.0% are of county level and above, 56.8% of townships and only 7.8% of villages. [Conclusion] The results of this monitoring are well represented; the qualified rate of water quality in Taizhou is generally low; the qualified rate of water quality of village and small water supply units is low and the water treatment methods need to be further improved.