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对圣经批评理论的使用犹如一柄双刃剑。一方面,它可以揭示问题;另一方面,它也可能挑战圣经的文本。那些关于古代以色列政治经济视域中的寡妇和孤儿之文本,正好面临着这柄双刃剑。如何用好它,批评理论的选择至关重要。圣经传统中的寡妇和孤儿是一个在经济上被剥夺了权利的群体。关于这一群体,载于申命法典中的律法提供了三种见解。古代以色列的政治经济状况构成了相关律法文本的语境,它可以通过马克思主义关于生产关系的理论来分析。农业生产方式在古代以色列占主导地位,而其社会关系则是保护人一受护人的关系。这种关系类似于丈夫一妻子的关系,于是性别之意识形态便凸显出来了,主仆关系也凸显出来了。家庭中男性家长的死亡造成了寡妇和孤儿问题。在政治经济视域中考察寡妇和孤儿带来一个神学问题:农业生产关系中的寡妇和孤儿究竟是由谁供养的?答案很明确,他们为亚卫所供养。这是因为,人类生产劳动是建立在亚卫生产劳动之上的,唯有亚卫才具有生产产品的权柄。全面而深入地研究古代以色列的政治经济语境,乃是正确使用那些关于寡妇和孤儿的律法文本的前提。
The use of biblical criticism as a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it can reveal the problem; on the other hand, it can also challenge the Bible’s text. The texts about widows and orphans in the political and economic sphere of ancient Israel face exactly this double-edged sword. How to make good use of it, criticizing the choice of theory is crucial. Widows and orphans in the biblical tradition are a group of economically denied rights. With regard to this group, the law contained in the Law of Deceary provides three insights. The political and economic conditions of ancient Israel constituted the context of the relevant legal texts and could be analyzed by Marxist theories of relations of production. The mode of agricultural production dominates Israel in ancient times, and its social relations are the protection of the relationship between a person and a guardian. This relationship is similar to the relationship between husband and wife, so the ideology of gender will be highlighted, the relationship between master and servant also highlights. The death of male parents in the family has caused the issue of widows and orphans. A study of widows and orphans in the context of political economy brings about a theological question: Whom and whether or not widows and orphans in agricultural relations are supported? The answer is clear, they are for the Asia Institute. This is because the labor of human production is based on the labor produced by the Asian health workers, and only the company has the power to produce products. A comprehensive and in-depth study of the political and economic context of ancient Israel is a prerequisite for the proper use of the text of the law on widows and orphans.