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目的探讨小儿呼吸道合胞感染病毒感染的流行特点及影响RSV流行的气候因素。方法对2001年1月至2006年12月因下呼吸道感染在浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院住院的39597例患儿取鼻咽分泌物标本进行呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)抗原检测。结果39597例患儿中RSV检测阳性患儿共8657例(21.86%),<1岁者6804例(30.99%),1～3岁者1576例(14.84%),～13岁者277例(3.95%),各年龄组间检出率有统计学意义(P<0.01)。男性5783例(22.76%)高于女性2873例(20.24%),有统计学意义(P<0.01)。RSV检出率与气温之间存在直线负相关,气温每升高1℃,下呼吸道感染患儿中RSV的检出率下降1.8%。冬季是RSV流行高峰,其次是春季和秋季,夏季RSV感染率最低,全年都有RSV的散发流行。结论RSV是冬春季节引起小儿下呼吸道感染的主要病毒,年龄越小RSV感染率越高,男性较女性易感RSV。气温越低,RSV的检出率越高,低气温是杭州地区RSV流行的重要因素之一。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial infection in children and the climatic factors influencing the prevalence of RSV. Methods From January 2001 to December 2006, 39 597 children admitted to Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University Medical College were enrolled in this study. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antigen was detected in nasopharyngeal secretions from January 2001 to December 2006. Results A total of 8657 (21.86%) children with RSV were detected in 39597 children, 6804 (30.99%) were younger than 1 year, 1576 (14.84%) were 1-3 years old and 277 %), The detection rate of each age group was statistically significant (P <0.01). The number of male 5783 cases (22.76%) was higher than that of female 2873 cases (20.24%), with statistical significance (P <0.01). There was a linear negative correlation between the detection rate of RSV and air temperature. When the temperature was increased by 1 ℃, the detection rate of RSV in children with lower respiratory tract infection decreased by 1.8%. RSV epidemic peak in winter, followed by spring and autumn, the lowest RSV infection rate in summer, throughout the year there RSV epidemic. Conclusions RSV is the major virus causing lower respiratory tract infection in children during the winter and spring. The younger the age, the higher the infection rate of RSV. The RSV is more susceptible to men than women. The lower the temperature, the higher the detection rate of RSV, and the low temperature is one of the important factors of RSV prevalence in Hangzhou.