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膀胱癌是泌尿外科最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,我国膀胱癌的发病率较高,且呈逐年增高趋势,近15年的平均增长速度为68.3%。膀胱癌中约90%为尿路上皮癌,分布以三角区和侧壁多见,呈单发或多发,其中浅表性膀胱癌占75%～85%。局部浸润、反复复发及远处转移是膀胱肿瘤重要的生物学特性[1]。近年来,经尿道腔内切除膀胱肿瘤结合术后膀
Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in urology. The incidence of bladder cancer in our country is high, and the trend is increasing year by year. The average growth rate of bladder cancer in the past 15 years is 68.3%. About 90% of bladder cancer is urothelial carcinoma, more common in the triangular area and the lateral wall, and is single or multiple, of which superficial bladder cancer accounts for 75% to 85%. Local infiltration, repeated recurrence and distant metastasis of bladder cancer is an important biological characteristics [1]. In recent years, transurethral resection of the bladder tumor combined with postoperative bladder