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A kind of luminous bacterial sensors that can quickly detect the acute toxicity of environmental pollutants were developed. The method is based on the detection of the cellular light of bright luminous bacillus by means of fixing cells so as to detect acute toxicity of luminous bacillus. The bacterial sensor is composed of immobilized film of photobacterium phosphoreum. These bacterial films are sensitive to detecting the toxicoids, which are difficult or even impossible to be measured by traditional analytical chemistry methods. The films should be stored at 4 ℃ and the stability of the sensors exceeds 1 month with no measurable deterioration of the signal. These results demonstrate that the immobilized film of P.phosphreum can be used to develop the on-line environmental contamination monitor.