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应力集中是机械工程中常见的问题,一般出现在构件形状急剧变化的地方,如缺口、孔洞、沟槽及有刚性约束处。对于常见的含孔板,利用附加因素降低板的应力集中是一种很好的方法。含一个圆孔的受拉薄板,若在拉伸方向靠近该孔附加一些圆孔,使之成为圆孔群,则对于降低应力集中是相当有效的。使用有限元法分别对附加圆孔半径、圆孔间距及圆孔数对含圆孔矩形薄板应力集中系数的影响进行了分析,并与光弹性实验结果进行了比较,两者基本一致。研究结果表明:在孔数一定时,对于不同的孔间距,存在不同的孔径比最佳值,使应力集中得到最有利的缓和。文中还给出最有利于降低应力集中的孔径和孔距条件。
Stress concentration is a common problem in mechanical engineering. It usually occurs in sharp changes in the shape of components, such as notches, holes, grooves and rigid constraints. For common orifice-containing plates, it is a good idea to use additional factors to reduce the stress concentration on the plate. A tensioned sheet having a circular hole may be quite effective in reducing the stress concentration if it is attached to the hole in the direction of extension by adding a number of circular holes. The influence of additional circular hole radius, circular hole spacing and circular hole number on the stress concentration factor of rectangular thin plate with circular hole was analyzed respectively by finite element method. The results were compared with the results of photoelastic experiment, and the two were basically the same. The results show that when the number of holes is constant, different optimum aperture ratios exist for different hole spacings, so that the stress concentration is most favorable. The paper also gives the most conducive to reduce the stress concentration of the aperture and pitch conditions.