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目的通过对重庆市儿童生存质量的抽样调查,以非留守儿童为参照了解留守儿童生存质量现状,探讨影响儿童生存质量的相关因素,了解“留守”对儿童生存质量的影响,为改善儿童生存质量的措施提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样的方法对重庆市儿童进行抽样,通过入户的方式进行调查,利用PedsQL4.0儿童生存质量量表中文版测量儿童生存质量。通过计算量表得分来评价留守儿童和非留守儿童生存质量现状,通过多因素分析探索影响儿童生存质量的因素。结果重庆市留守儿童生存质量总分、生理功能得分、情感功能得分、社会功能得分、角色(学校表现)功能得分分别为82.50±11.56、87.03±13.58、77.55±16.05、85.64±14.85、77.05±14.22,非留守儿童上述各项得分分别为86.72±10.12、89.96±11.67、83.26±14.65、90.66±12.44、81.08±13.67,留守儿童生存质量总分及各维度得分均低于非留守儿童(P<0.01);多元线性回归分析发现是否留守(留守状态)、年龄、家庭人均支出是影响儿童生存质量的主要因素,其中是否留守影响最大,且是否留守对情感功能、社会功能和角色功能亦有重要影响。结论消除“留守”现象是改善儿童生存质量、提高其身心健康水平的直接手段。在城乡社会经济发展尚存在差别、“留守”现象暂时无法完全消除的情况下,家庭、学校、社会应高度重视,采取相应措施,共同构建留守儿童身心健康保护网络,促进留守儿童健康成长。
Objective To understand the status of left-behind children’s quality of life through sampling survey of children’s quality of life in Chongqing, non-left-behind children to explore the factors that affect children’s quality of life and to understand the impact of “left-behind” on children’s quality of life. Quality of life measures provide a reference. Methods A multistage cluster sampling method was used to sample children in Chongqing. The methods of household registration were used to investigate the quality of life of children using PedsQL4.0 Chinese version of Child Quality of Life Scale. By measuring the scale scores to evaluate the status quo of the quality of life of left and non-left-behind children, through multivariate analysis to explore factors that affect children’s quality of life. Results The scores of functional quality score, emotional function score, social function score and role (school performance) of left behind children in Chongqing were 82.50 ± 11.56, 87.03 ± 13.58, 77.55 ± 16.05, 85.64 ± 14.85, 77.05 ± 14.22 , The score of the left-behind children were 86.72 ± 10.12,89.96 ± 11.67,83.26 ± 14.65,90.66 ± 12.44,81.08 ± 13.67 respectively, and the scores of left-behind children’s quality of life were lower than those of non-left-behind children (P <0.01) ); Multivariate linear regression analysis found that whether left behind (left behind), age, per capita expenditure of children is the main factor affecting children’s quality of life, which left the greatest impact, and whether left to stay on the emotional function, social function and role of function also have a significant impact . Conclusion The elimination of “staying behind” phenomenon is a direct means to improve children’s quality of life and improve their physical and mental health. Families, schools and society should attach great importance to taking appropriate measures to jointly establish a network of physical and mental health protection for left-behind children so as to promote the healthy growth of left-behind children in circumstances where there are still differences in social and economic development between urban and rural areas and where the phenomenon of “staying behind” can not be completely eliminated .