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目的了解安庆市狂犬病流行特征,探讨近年来狂犬病发病上升的因素和防制对策。方法收集1953~2006年安庆市狂犬病疫情资料和流行病学调查资料进行分析。结果1953~2006年安庆市共报告狂犬病369例,呈现3次流行。1953~1956年低流行期,年平均发病率0.061/10万;1981~1990年出现流行高峰,年平均发病率为0.56/10万;2003~2006年再次出现流行,年平均发病率0.13/10万,且疫情呈持续上升趋势。除迎江区外,各县(市)、区均有狂犬病报告。季节发病高峰在6~10月份,占60.47%。发病职业以农民为主,占58.06%。暴露后67.74%未进行伤口处理,仅有16.13%进行了疫苗接种。结论安庆市狂犬病态势与全国一致。养犬数量增多,对犬的管理不到位,群众对狂犬病危害认识不足,暴露后未及时有效地进行预防处置是近年来狂犬病发病回升的主要原因。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Anqing and to explore the factors that cause the rise of rabies in recent years and the control strategies. Methods The data of epidemic situation and epidemiological survey of rabies in Anqing City from 1953 to 2006 were collected for analysis. Results A total of 369 rabies cases were reported in Anqing City from 1953 to 2006, showing three epidemics. 1953 ~ 1956 low prevalence period, the annual average incidence of 0.061 / 100 000; 1981-1990 epidemic peak, the annual average incidence of 0.56 / 100 000; 2003-2006 epidemic again, the annual average incidence of 0.13 / 10 Million, and the epidemic continued to rise. In addition to Yingjiang District, all counties (cities) and districts have rabies reports. Seasonal peak incidence in 6 to 10 months, accounting for 60.47%. Occurrence of occupations to farmers, accounting for 58.06%. 67.74% post-exposure without wound treatment, only 16.13% were vaccinated. Conclusion The prevalence of rabies in Anqing City is consistent with that of the whole country. The increase in the number of dogs, dog management is not in place, the public awareness of the dangers of rabies, lack of timely and effective prevention and treatment after exposure is the main reason for the rise of rabies in recent years.