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本文讨论了水稻受重金属镉和铜污染伤害后的光谱反射特性的变化,为遥感监测污染提供基本依据。使用高分辨率光谱辐射计在自然状态下实地测量了受污染的水稻光谱特性,比采集叶片在室内测量更接近于实际情况,便于结合遥感图像进行定性和定量分析研究。 结果表明,镉和铜拌土生长的水稻在分蘖期受到的影响最明显,无论是在生理上还是在反射光谱方面变化都比较显著。因此,对水稻受重金属污染的遥感监测最佳时间为分蘖期,有效波段为0.54—0.58,0.64—0.69,0.74—0.80微米。综合对水稻光谱的各种分析方法,如波形分析,微分光谱,绿度指数和主成分变换等技术,水稻在分蘖期,对高浓度的监测效果较好,而对低浓度效果不甚明显。
This paper discussed the changes of spectral reflectance after rice was harmed by heavy metal cadmium and copper pollution and provided the basic evidence for monitoring the pollution by remote sensing. Spectral characteristics of contaminated rice were measured on the spot using a high-resolution spectral radiometer in the field, which is closer to the actual situation than the acquisition of leaves in the laboratory, so as to facilitate the qualitative and quantitative analysis combined with remote sensing images. The results showed that the rice cultivated with cadmium and copper mixed soil had the most obvious effect at tillering stage, both in physiology and in reflectance spectra. Therefore, the best time for remote sensing monitoring of heavy metal contaminated rice is tillering stage, the effective wavelength range is 0.54-0.58,0.64-0.69,0.74-0.80 microns. Combining with various analysis methods of rice spectrum, such as waveform analysis, differential spectroscopy, greenness index and principal component transformation, the monitoring effect of rice at high concentration is better at the tillering stage, while the effect at low concentration is not obvious.