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答:消灭一种传染病,严格地讲是指从地球上彻底消灭引起该种传染病的生物种。一般认为,在人类生存的生态环境中消灭了该生物种,而在严格的实验室条件下有少量菌(毒)株储存,即可被视为消灭了这种传染病。按照后一标准,天花于1977年成为通过人类的共同努力被消灭的第一个传染病。天花之所以能被消灭,一是因为该病几乎只有显性病例,不存在病毒隐性感染的问题,病情是容易被人发现,并受人们的重视。二是因为牛痘接种极其有效,易感者免
A: The elimination of an infectious disease means, strictly speaking, the complete elimination of the species that cause the infectious disease on Earth. It is generally believed that the species is eliminated in the ecological environment in which human beings are living, and the storage of a small number of strains of bacteria (strains) under strict laboratory conditions can be considered as eliminating the epidemic. In accordance with the latter standard, the smallpox in 1977 became the first infectious disease to be eradicated through the joint efforts of mankind. The reason why smallpox can be eliminated, first, because the disease is almost exclusively dominant cases, there is no problem of latent virus infection, the disease is easy to be found, and by people’s attention. Second, because of vaccination vaccination is extremely effective, susceptible persons free