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目的为探讨长乐市农村地区0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率与发病的危险因素,为农村地区儿童哮喘防控提供措施。方法通过多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法选择调查对象,采用全国统一的“0~14岁儿童哮喘初筛问卷”进行调查,对初筛阳性患者,专家现场通过详细询问病史、查阅病历资料、体格检查以确诊的哮喘患儿作为研究对象,将民族、年龄、性别和居住环境相匹配的非哮喘儿童为对照组将构建二元Logistic分类回归分析哮喘危险因素。结果结果 1共发放“0~14岁儿童哮喘初筛问卷”6000份,收回5860份(男3228人,女2632人),应答率为97.66%。儿童哮喘总患病率为2.3%,男性88例(2.73%)、女性47例(1.79%),男女发病比率为1.87:1(性别患病率比较,χ2=5.697,P<0.005)。2<6个月添加蛋白辅食(OR=3.021,95%CI:1.357~6.711)、使用抗生素治疗(OR=14.784,95%CI:3.8 4 2~5 6.8 8 5)、和化纤枕头材料(OR=3.638,95%CI:1.241~10.666)是农村儿童哮喘的主要危险因素。结论长乐市农村儿童哮喘的总患病率为2.3%,男女发病比例为1.87:1;主要危险因素有个人过敏史、家族史、性别及小于6个月添加蛋白辅食、使用抗生素治疗、使用煤/炭作为燃料、饲养家畜、出生前后家人吸烟和化纤枕头材料等。
Objective To explore the prevalence and risk factors of asthma in children aged 0 ~ 14 in rural areas of Changle City, and to provide measures for the prevention and control of childhood asthma in rural areas. Methods A multistage stratified stratified random sampling method was used to select the subjects. A nationwide survey of children aged 0-14 years with primary screening of asthma was conducted to investigate the patients with initial screening and experts on the site by detailed medical history, medical records Data, physical examination Children diagnosed with asthma as the research object, non-asthmatic children matching ethnicity, age, gender and living environment as the control group will be constructed binary Logistic classification regression analysis of asthma risk factors. Results A total of 6 060 children aged 0-14 years old were screened, 5860 (3228 males and 2632 females) were recovered with a response rate of 97.66%. The overall prevalence rate of childhood asthma was 2.3%. There were 88 males (2.73%) and 47 females (1.79%), the incidence rate of males and females was 1.87: 1 (χ2 = 5.697, P <0.005). Supplementation of protein supplements (OR = 3.021, 95% CI: 1.357-6.711) with antibiotics (OR = 14.784, 95% CI: 3.842-2.858.5) = 3.638, 95% CI: 1.241 ~ 10.666) is the main risk factor for asthma in rural children. Conclusion The overall prevalence rate of childhood asthma in rural Changle was 2.3% and the incidence rate of male to female was 1.87: 1. The main risk factors were personal allergy history, family history, sex and supplemented protein supplement less than 6 months, antibiotic treatment, / Charcoal as fuel, raising livestock, family smoking and chemical fiber pillow material before and after birth.