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目的研究有机磷与拟除虫菊酯类混配农药对小鼠的细胞免疫系统的影响及其机制。方法以GB 2763—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》中规定的每日允许摄入量为基础,将280只健康SPF级Balb/c小鼠按体重随机分成7组,分别为空白对照(生理盐水)组、溶剂对照(玉米油)组和毒死蜱(0.01 mg/kg)、马拉硫磷(0.3 mg/kg)、氯氰菊酯(0.02 mg/kg)、高效氯氟氰菊酯(0.02 mg/kg)及混配农药组(0.01 mg/kg毒死蜱+0.3 mg/kg马拉硫磷+0.02 mg/kg氯氰菊酯+0.02 mg/kg高效氯氟氰菊酯),每组20只,雌雄各半。采用灌胃方式进行染毒,每日1次,连续30 d。测定小鼠外周血白细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞计数和脾淋巴细胞转化功能及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群以及小鼠血清Th1细胞因子水平。结果各染毒组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞转化功能及白细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞水平与溶剂对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与溶剂对照组比较,仅混配农药组雄性小鼠外周血CD8细胞的比例及血清IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF的水平较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);各单一染毒组雄性小鼠外周血CD3、CD4细胞的比例及CD4/CD8值均无明显改变;各染毒组雌性小鼠血清IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF的水平及外周血CD3、CD4、CD8细胞的比例及CD4/CD8值均无明显改变。结论有机磷与拟除虫菊酯类混配农药对雄性小鼠具有细胞免疫毒性作用,其毒性强度高于同等剂量的单一种类农药。
Objective To study the effect of organophosphorus and pyrethroid mixed pesticides on cellular immune system in mice and its mechanism. Methods 280 healthy SPF Balb / c mice were randomly divided into 7 groups on the basis of daily allowable intake as stipulated in GB 2763-2012 “Maximum Residues of Pesticides in Foods with National Food Safety Standard” Control group (corn oil) and chlorpyrifos (0.01 mg / kg), malathion (0.3 mg / kg), cypermethrin (0.02 mg / kg), lambda-cyhalothrin 0.02 mg / kg) and mixed pesticides (0.01 mg / kg chlorpyrifos + 0.3 mg / kg malathion + 0.02 mg / kg cypermethrin + 0.02 mg / kg lambda-cyhalothrin) Half each. Gavage by way of exposure, once daily for 30 days. Peripheral blood leucocytes, lymphocytes, monocyte counts, splenic lymphocyte transformation and peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and serum Th1 cytokines levels were determined. Results There was no significant difference in the transformation function of splenic lymphocytes and the levels of leukocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes between the treated and untreated groups (P> 0.05). Compared with the solvent control group, the proportion of CD8 cells in peripheral blood and the levels of serum IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF were lower in the male mice mixed with pesticide alone (P <0.05) The levels of CD3 and CD4 in the peripheral blood and the ratio of CD4 / CD8 in the peripheral blood of the exposed mice did not change significantly. The levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF and the levels of CD3, CD4, CD8 cells and CD4 / CD8 ratio had no significant change. Conclusions Organophosphorus and pyrethroid mixed pesticides have cytotoxicity to male mice, and their toxicity intensity is higher than that of the same kind of single pesticide.