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AIM: To identify the differentially over-expressed genes associated with β-catenin accumulation in nuclei of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. METHODS: Differentially expressed genes were identified in radiation-induced B6C3 F1 mouse HCC cells by mRNA differential display, Northern blot and RT-PCR, respectively. Total glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity was measured by GST activity assay and β-catenin localization was detected with immunostaining in radiation-induced mouse HCC cells and in HepG2 cell lines.RESULTS: Two up-regulated genes, glutamine synthetase and glutathione-s-transferase M3 (GSTM3), were identified in radiation-induced mouse HCC cells. Influence of β-catenin accumulation in nuclei of HCC cells on upregulation of GSTM3 mRNA was investigated. The nearby upstream domain of GSTM3 contained the β-catenin/TcfLef consensus binding site sequences [5’-(A/T)(A/T) CAAAG-3’], and the total GST activity ratio was considerably higher in B6C3F1 mouse HCC cells with β-catenin accumulation in nuclei of HCC cells than in those without β-catenin accumulation (0.353 ± 0.117vs 0.071 ± 0.064, P < 0.001). The TWS119 (a distinct GSK-3β inhibitor)-induced total GST activity was significantly higher in HepG2 cells with β-catenin accumulation than in those without β-catenin accumulation in nuclei of HCC cells. Additionally, the GSTM3 mRNA level was significantly higher at 24 h than at 12 h in TWS119-treated HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION: β-catenin accumulation increases GST activity in nuclei of HCC cells, and GSTM3 may be a novel target gene of the β-catenin/Tcf-Lef complex.
AIM: To identify the differentially over-expressed genes associated with β-catenin accumulation in nuclei of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. METHODS: Differentially expressed genes were identified in radiation-induced B6C3 F1 mouse HCC cells by mRNA differential display, Northern blot and RT-PCR, respectively. Total glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity was measured by GST activity assay and β-catenin localization was detected with immunostaining in radiation-induced mouse HCC cells and in HepG2 cell lines .RESULTS: Two up-regulated The expression of glutamine synthetase and glutathione-s-transferase M3 (GSTM3), were identified in radiation-induced mouse HCC cells. Influence of β-catenin accumulation in nuclei of HCC cells upregulation of GSTM3 mRNA was investigated. The nearby upstream domain of GSTM3 contained the β-catenin / TcfLef consensus binding site sequences [5 ’- (A / T) (A / T) CAAAG-3’] and the total GST activity ratio was higher than B6C3F1 mouse HCC cells with β-c atenin accumulation in nuclei of HCC cells than in those without β-catenin accumulation (0.353 ± 0.117 vs 0.071 ± 0.064, P <0.001). The TWS119 (a distinct GSK-3β inhibitor) -induced total GST activity was significantly higher in HepG2 cells with β-catenin accumulation in nuclei of HCC cells. Additionally, the GSTM3 mRNA level was significantly higher at 24 h than at 12 h in TWS119-treated HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION: β-catenin accumulation increases GST activity in nuclei of HCC cells, and GSTM3 may be a novel target gene of the β-catenin / Tcf-Lef complex.