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Background:Ovarian cancer is the most common cause of gynecological cancer-associated death.Iatrogenic menopause might adversely affect the quality of life and health outcomes in young female cancer survivors.We evaluated whether postoperative hormone replacement therapy (HRT) had a negative influence on the progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with papillary serous ovarian cancer (SOC).Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with papillary SOC,treated from January 1980 to December 2009,who suffered from menopause with or without HRT.Clinical characteristics of patients were compared between the two groups (HRT and non-HRT).Blood samples were collected from all the participants to detect serum cancer antigen (CA) 125.Hazard ratios with 95％ confidential intervals for each variable were calculated by univariable and multivariable conditional Logistic regression analyses.Results:Among 112 identified patients,31 were HRT users and 81 were not.The two groups did not significantly differ in median age at diagnosis (t =0.652,P =0.513),Intemational Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (χ2 =0.565,P =0.754),differentiation (χ2 =1.728,P =0.422),resection status (χ2 =0.070,P =0.791),relapse (χ2 =0.109,P =0.741),chemotherapy course (t =-1.079,P =0.282),follow-up interval (t =0.878,P =0.382),or PFS (t =0.580,P =0.562).Median Kupperman score at the onset of HRT was 30.81 and 12.19 after the therapy (t =3.302,P =0.001).According to the analysis,the strongest independent variables in predicting PFS were FIGO stage and disease that was not optimally debulked.Conclusions:Postoperative HRT is not a prognostic factor for PFS of patients with papillary SOC.However,multicenter studies are needed to verify and extend our findings.