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目的:观察一次急性负重运动对外周血淋巴细胞凋亡的影响并探讨其可能机制。方法:16名青少年田径运动员负重(30%体重)进行一次急性离心运动,包括5 min台阶试验和15次蹲起。分别于运动前,运动后即刻,运动后2 h、4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h和48 h测定淋巴细胞凋亡率(流式细胞仪)、血清肌酸激酶(半自动生化仪)、血清皮质醇(γ放射免疫分析仪)、淋巴细胞Fas/FasL和Bax/Bcl-2(Western blot)。结果:淋巴细胞凋亡率在运动后呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,运动后24 h达峰值,其中运动后即刻,运动后2 h、4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h和48 h均较运动前显著性升高(均为P<0.01),运动后48 h较运动后24 h显著性下降(P<0.01);血清CK和Bax/Bcl-2亦呈先升高后下降的并行性变化趋势,其中运动后12 h、24 h和48 h均较运动前显著性升高(均为P<0.01),运动后24 h达峰值,运动后48 h较运动后24 h显著性下降(P<0.01,P<0.05);Fas/FasL在各时间点均无显著性变化(P>0.05);血清皮质醇在运动后即刻和运动后2h、4 h、8 h、12 h均较运动前显著性升高(均为P<0.01),运动后12 h达峰值,运动后24 h恢复至运动前水平(P>0.05)。结论:负重运动可诱导外周血淋巴细胞凋亡,其机制与运动性肌肉损伤、应激激素升高和线粒体氧化应激有关。
Objective: To observe the effect of acute weight-bearing exercise on the apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS: Twenty-six young athletes performed an acute eccentric exercise (30% body weight) with a 5-minute bench test and 15 squats. The apoptosis rate of lymphocytes (flow cytometry) and serum creatine kinase (semi-automatic biochemical analyzer) were measured before exercise, immediately after exercise, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours after exercise. , Serum cortisol (gamma radioimmunoassay), lymphocyte Fas / FasL and Bax / Bcl-2 (Western blot). Results: The rate of apoptosis of lymphocytes increased first and then decreased after exercise, reaching the peak at 24 hours after exercise. The rate of lymphocyte apoptosis reached the peak at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after exercise (P <0.01), and decreased significantly at 48 hours after exercise (P <0.01), while the levels of serum CK and Bax / Bcl-2 also increased at first and then decreased (P <0.01). The peak value was reached at 24 hours after exercise, and at 48 hours after exercise, it was significantly higher than that at 24 hours after exercise (P <0.01, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in Fas / FasL at all time points (P> 0.05). Serum cortisol immediately after exercise and 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h after exercise (P <0.01). The peak value was reached at 12 h after exercise, and returned to pre-exercise level at 24 h after exercise (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Weight-bearing exercise can induce apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes. The mechanism is related to exercise-induced muscle damage, increased stress hormones and mitochondrial oxidative stress.