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成语是一种特殊的词组。一般来说,它的结构比较固定,词序不宜颠倒,如“避重就轻”不能改为“避轻就重”,“阳奉阴违”不能变成“阴奉阳违”。它的成分不能任意同义代替,如“破釜沉舟”不能说成“破锅沉船”,“对牛弹琴”不能写成“向犊奏乐。”同时,成语中的词往往失去了原有的涵义,整个成语也随之产生了新的意义,所以不能单从字面上去求解,以免望文生义,导致误解。如“三长两短”不是“三个长的两个短的”或“三为长,两为短”而是指意外的灾祸或事故,常作“死亡”的委婉语,又如“下里巴人”原是古代楚国的一支通俗歌曲,现用来比喻通俗的文艺作品,从字面上就无从解释起。
Idioms are a special phrase. In general, its structure is relatively fixed, the word order should not be reversed, such as “avoidance of the light” can not be changed to “avoid heavy on”, “yin and yang” can not become “yin and yang.” Its ingredients can not be synonymous with any substitution, such as “drastic” can not be described as “broken pot wrecks”, “on the piano” can not be written “to the calf.” At the same time, the idioms of the words often lose their original meaning, the whole idioms As a result, new meaning has come into being, so literal solutions can not be adopted in order to avoid being literal and meaningless and leading to misunderstanding. Such as “three long and two short” is not “three long two short” or “three long, two short” but refers to unexpected calamities or accidents, often as a “death” euphemism, A popular song in ancient Chu was used to describe popular literary and art works, which literally can not be explained.